The Scientific Revolution

According to the geocentric theory, what is the center of the solar system?

• Earth

• Mars

• Moon

• Sun

How was the heliocentric theory of Copernicus different from the geocentric theory created by the Greeks?

• The heliocentric theory argued that Venus is the center of the solar system.

• The heliocentric theory argued that Mars is the center of the solar system.

• The heliocentric theory argued that the sun is the center of the solar system.

• The heliocentric theory argued that the moon is the center of the solar system.

This diagram shows a view of the solar system shared by most Europeans during the 1600s. Which statement about this diagram is true?

• Nicolaus Copernicus disagreed with this diagram and argued that Earth revolved around the sun.

• Galileo Galilei agreed with this diagram and was publicly supported by the leaders of the Catholic Church.

• Sir Francis Bacon disagreed with this diagram and argued that Mars was the center of the solar system.

• John Locke agreed with this diagram and used it to promote the teachings of the Counter Reformation.

Which historical figure is most closely associated with the development of the heliocentric theory?

• Thomas Aquinas

• Copernicus

• Martin Luther

• Michelangelo

This chart describes two different beliefs about the solar system. Which belief about the solar system is described in column 1?

• feudalism

• geocentrism

• heliocentrism

• manorialism

How did the work of Johannes Kepler impact human understanding of the solar system?

• It proved that Earth is the center of the solar system.

• It proved that the sun is the center of the solar system.

• It proved that the planets move in circular orbits.

• It proved that the planets move in elliptical orbits.

This is an excerpt from "The Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies" by Nicolaus Copernicus.

"I considered in my own mind how absurd a performance it must seem to those who know that the judgment of many centuries has approved the view that the Earth remains fixed as center in the midst of the heavens, [but] I, on the contrary, assert that the Earth moves."

This excerpt provides evidence for which statement?

• Copernicus developed heliocentrism.

• Copernicus used religious teachings to develop his theories.

• Copernicus developed geocentrism.

• Copernicus used historical precedents to develop his theories.

This is a diagram showing two opposing astronomical theories. How was Nicolaus Copernicus involved in the debate over these two theories?

• He was placed under house arrest by the Church for his geocentric belief.

• He was ex-communicated by the Church for proving the heliocentric theory.

• He affirmed the prevailing wisdom by proving the heliocentric model.

• He defied the prevailing wisdom by affirming the heliocentric model.

Which statement describes a finding of Johannes Kepler?

• The planets circle the Earth.

• The stars revolve around the Sun.

• The movements of planets are determined by gravity.

• The planets travel faster when they are closer to the Sun.

The theory of universal gravitation was most useful in explaining

• the movement of blood through the human body.

• the revolution of planets around the Sun.

• causes for different types of weather.

• forms of microscopic life.