A team of climate scientists issues a forecast for Earth's average temperatures by the year 2100. The forecast includes a range of temperatures, with a minimum increase of 2.6°C and a maximum increase of 4.8°C. Which factor is most likely responsible for the uncertainty in the forecast?

future human decisions about energy use and reforestation

uncertainty about the mechanisms of the greenhouse effect

uncertainty about the rate of sediment build-up on the ocean floor

unpredictability of volcanic eruptions

A developer proposes to develop a 300-acre tract of land known as Franklin Hill. The plan calls for 20 new houses, with solar panels installed on each house to provide electricity. The plan also calls for the establishment of a nature preserve where a forest will grow. However, another feature of the plan is for the wetlands of Franklin Hill to be drained and replaced with lawns. Is the planned housing development for Franklin Hill an example of sustainable development?

Only partially, because the draining of the wetlands damages an important ecosystem service.

Yes, because it uses a renewable resource to provide electricity.

Yes, because it establishes and protects a tract of new forest.

No, because human use of the land is never sustainable.

The pesticide DDT was once widely used to control mosquitos. However, because of a process called biomagnification, DDT caused damage to ecosystems and biodiversity. Which property of DDT caused this damage to occur?

DDT persists in biological systems and becomes concentrated as it passes up food chains.

DDT kills small organisms at very low concentrations and larger organisms at higher concentrations.

DDT is broken apart quickly in biological systems, and its byproducts are toxic to many animals.

DDT is broken apart for its energy, and so replaces the natural diets of many animals.

A class is studying the trophic levels of an ecosystem. The pyramid of biomass shown is a model of these trophic levels. Which of the following is the best explanation of the available energy at each of the trophic levels in this ecosystem?

The amount of available energy decreases at each trophic level because energy is lost as heat and used for life processes.

The amount of available energy is equal at all trophic levels because all organisms require energy.

Third-level consumers have the greatest amount of available energy because they require energy to fly and hunt for prey.

Producers have the greatest amount of available energy because they absorb heat from the sun.

Food webs like this one show feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Which of the following organisms in this food web is a producer?

III because this organism makes its own food.

I because this organism is not consumed by any other organisms.

II because this organism eats plants.

IV because this organism is food for the fox.

How does the process of photosynthesis affect Earth’s atmosphere?

Photosynthesis transfers oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis transfers carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and removes oxygen.

Photosynthesis transfers oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbohydrates.

Photosynthesis removes nitrogen and oxygen from the atmosphere.

Nitrogen fixation is one way nitrogen moves through ecosystems. What is the role of nitrogen fixation?

Nitrogen fixation converts nitrogen gas into carbohydrates.

Nitrogen fixation returns nitrogen gas to the atmosphere.

Nitrogen fixation allows nitrogen gas to be dissolved in water.

Nitrogen fixation converts nitrogen gas to ammonia.

A group of students is developing models of the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle. Where should cellular respiration be included in these models?

Cellular respiration should be in both cycles because all organisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, perform cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration should not be in either cycle because cellular respiration requires oxygen, not carbon or nitrogen.

Cellular respiration should be in the carbon cycle because the process transfers carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere.

Cellular respiration should be in the nitrogen cycle because cellular respiration converts nitrogen in the atmosphere to a form that living things could use.

The graph shows the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. How have human activities contributed to the trend in the data shown in the graph?

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the burning of fossil fuels releases carbon that otherwise would remain in the geosphere.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained steady because natural processes have balanced out human activities.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the increasing human population exhales a greater volume of carbon dioxide.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the burning of fossil fuels releases heat, which causes carbon dioxide to evaporate.

A carnivore obtains energy by eating other animals. Which of the following shows the process by which energy flows to a carnivorous animal?

light energy → plant → herbivore → carnivore

light energy → plant → carnivore

plant → light energy → herbivore → carnivore

light energy → herbivore → carnivore

Study this diagram, which shows how matter moves through the water cycle. Suppose that as a city grows, all of its surrounding forests are cut down and replaced by buildings, sidewalks, paved roads, parking lots, shopping malls, and suburbs. Which is the mostly likely consequence resulting from the destruction of the forests?

The area will get less rain because the amount of water vapor being released by plants will be greatly reduced.

Groundwater will rise to dangerously high levels because trees take in more water than smaller plants.

Groundwater will decrease greatly because more water will evaporate from rivers and streams if they do not have trees to shade them.

The area will get more rain because more water will evaporate from the ocean and enter the atmosphere.

Whaling was a very profitable profession until whale populations crashed. The global community came together to enact a ban on whaling. However, Japan and Norway have not agreed to stop whaling. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of their decision?

The whale populations are not rebounding as quickly as they might if all of the countries agreed not to hunt whales.

The whales are getting better at avoiding capture.

The whale populations have mutated into new kinds of organisms.

The whale populations are bouncing back very successfully and are unaffected by Japan and Norway continuing to whale.

Which statement best describes how plants and animals maintain the flow of matter through an ecosystem?

Plants produce oxygen needed by animals and animals produce carbon dioxide needed by plants.

Plants produce the sugar molecules and only animals can break down sugar molecules.

Plants are needed to decompose organic matter which is added to the ecosystem by animals.

Plants are needed to convert carbon into carbon dioxide, which is required by animals to produce sugar molecules.

A description of an invasive species is shown. Which prediction can be made about the negative impact caused by this invasive species on biodiversity?

The invasive species blocks light from reaching the native plants species.

The invasive species grows more slowly than the native plant species.

The invasive species has climbing vines that support the native plant species.

The invasive species increases the number of pollinators visiting the native plant species.

Which statement correctly describes the movement of carbon dioxide through the environment?

Plants use carbon dioxide from the carbon cycle to make food.

Decomposers remove carbon dioxide from the environment.

Animals are primary users of carbon dioxide in the carbon cycle.

Animal respiration removes carbon dioxide from the environment.

In the 1800's, when farmers began growing sugarcane in the Hawaiian Islands, rats were a major nuisance. The rats ate the sugarcane when they emerged from their burrows to feed at night. In an attempt control the rat population, the Indian mongoose was imported from Asia. The mongoose is a daytime predator that feeds on a wide range of species, including rodents, turtles, and birds. After many years of study, it was found that the populations of a number of native species, including sea turtles and birds, had decreased since the mongoose was introduced. However, the rat population was not affected. Which reason best explains why the introduction of the mongoose to the Hawaiian Islands did not control the rat population?

Mongooses are active during the day and rats are active at night.

Most rats are too fast to be caught by mongooses.

The introduced mongooses lost the ability to catch rats over time.

The rats moved to different parts of the islands, away from the mongooses.

Jill made the table below during her research on aquatic zones and living organisms. Based on Jill’s observations, which conclusion could you draw?

There are no producers in the benthic zone that rely on photosynthesis.

Organisms in the intertidal zone must be able to withstand very cold water.

Organisms in the benthic zone must be able to tolerate large amounts of potassium.

The warm water and abundant sunlight in the nertic zone limits the plankton population.

Salt water is an abundant resource but is unusable for irrigation and drinking. As demands on freshwater sources increase, the use of desalination processes to remove salt from ocean water is increasing. A concern of desalinating water is the large amounts of recovered salts that are returned to the ocean. Which of the following describes the most likely impact of desalination on the surrounding ocean environment?

Alteration in ocean salt levels would cause loss of species and unbalanced populations in marine food webs.

Methane gas would pollute the ocean environment as shoreline organisms begin to die and decay.

Nonrenewable resources in the ocean environment would become depleted and upset the ecosystem’s balance.

Increased levels of salts and minerals in the ocean would result in overpopulation of marine bivalves due to strengthened shells.

A pond ecosystem is shown in the diagram. Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem?

The catfish population helps control the populations of water boatman and water fleas.

The frogs make energy available to this ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis.

The algae directly provide food for both the rotifers and the catfish.

The green-backed heron provides energy for the mosquito larvae.

Hydrothermal vents form deep in the ocean when iron-rich magma is released from openings on the seafloor. These vents spew extremely hot water (400°C) mixed with methane and sulfur. Bacteria that thrive in this hostile environment form the base of a food chain that leads to colonization by tube worms, mussels, and many other life-forms. When a hydrothermal vent becomes inactive and cold, the bacterial community that lives in the hot fluid methane and sulfur dies out. Which organisms most likely succeed the original community in this ecosystem?

cold-tolerant bacteria that feed on sulfur and iron in the vents

giant kelp that use sulfur in photosynthesis

fish that do not need oxygen for cellular respiration

ocean mammals that tolerate cold and act as top predators in the food chain

After the Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile River, the rate of parasitic worm infection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the worm. These larvae then infected humans. What does this situation best illustrate?

the influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts

the influence of humans on a natural system is always negative in the long term

human alteration of an ecosystem will cause pollution and loss of finite resources

human alteration of an ecosystem does not need to be studied to avoid ecological disaster

When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae. How can this process affect other organisms in the water?

Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms.

The water becomes better able to support aerobic organisms.

The extra nitrogen provides additional food for the other organisms, increasing their population.

The algae provide food for fishes and other organisms, leading to decreased algae populations.

The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?

The possum population grew to a larger size.

The possums developed shorter life spans.

The possum population evolved into a different species.

Part of a desert food web is diagramed. Which of the following will most likely result if all of the primary consumers are removed from this ecosystem?

Golden eagle and kit fox populations will decrease.

Prairie rattlesnakes will become herbivores.

Sagebrush grasshoppers will consume soil bacteria.

Silk grass and sand sagebrush populations will decrease.

Changes in an ecosystem over a long period of time are shown in the diagram. What will these changes most likely lead to?

stable ecosystem that can last for many years

loss of heterotrophs that cannot be recovered

long-term rise in environmental temperatures

forest consisting of only producers and decomposers

When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true ?Growth rate is exponential.

Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate.

Growth and immigration rate is less than death and emigration rate.

Growth and immigration rate is greater than death and emigration rate.

The number of pythons found throughout Everglades National Park has increased in recent years. These huge snakes are not native to Florida and are believed to have been released into the wild by pet owners. Wildlife biologists have initiated attempts to capture and remove these pythons. Which statement best explains the biologists’ reason for removing these pythons from the Everglades?

The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native populations to decline.

The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.

The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.

The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.

Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself?

There are more consumers than producers.

The sun provides the needed energy.

Energy is transferred from plants to animals.

There are interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.

A food chain is illustrated. What do the wavy arrows represent?

Energy released from metabolism into the environment as heat.

Oxygen released from metabolism produced by cellular respiration.

The absorption of energy from the environment that has been created.

The transport of glucose away from the organism through photosynthesis.

practice quiz 7

Authored by Birgit Groell

Science

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

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40 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Which activity would you predict is most likely to have the smallest impact on environmental systems?

using more land to grow corn that is used to produce fuel

using land to create a national park

building a dam for energy production

building new housing in an area far from a city

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Legislation was introduced in 1987 to ban the use of compounds that were depleting the ozone layer. The graph below shows the levels of halogens in the atmosphere for several years after the legislation was passed.
What conclusion can you draw from this graph?

The size of the ozone layer decreased during this time period.

The concentration of ozone in the upper atmosphere increased during this time period.

The concentration of halogens in the atmosphere decreased during this time period.

The size of Antarctica below the ozone layer decreased during this time period.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Commercial development in the U.S. has resulted in an increase in the number of roads, housing developments, shopping centers, and parking lots. What risk does this pose to organisms in environments impacted by commercial development?

Development often causes habitat fragmentation, which can threaten biodiversity.

Development often causes reforestation, which can reduce the number of anthromes.

Development often causes pollution, which can increase the ozone of the ozone layer.

Development often causes biological magnification, which can increase global warming.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Which of the following is a benefit of using renewable resources?

Renewable resources are resilient to environmental stresses.

Renewable resources are not affected by innovation.

Renewable resources are replaceable by healthy ecosystems.

Renewable resources contribute to a larger ecological footprint than nonrenewable resources.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Fossil fuels are commonly used as an energy source for transportation vehicles. Burning fossil fuels has led to more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and dissolved in seawater. Which of the following describes how burning fossil fuels is most likely to impact marine organisms?

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in seawater would increase the rate of photosynthesis in marine plants.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater would cause an increase in shellfish populations due to strengthened skeletons.

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in seawater would cause ocean acidification and weaken corals.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater would cause invasive species to out-compete native species.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Luella argues that the cost of fossil fuels is not truly reflected in the price that people pay for them. She argues that the damage to the global climate that is caused by fossil fuels should be included in their cost. Which statement is most useful for explaining Luella's argument?

Methane, which is the main component of natural gas, is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.

Human activities are depleting Earth's supply of fossil fuels much faster than natural processes can restore them.

The burning of fossil fuels releases heat directly into the atmosphere, where it is trapped by the greenhouse effect.

The burning of fossil fuels acts to transfer carbon from the geosphere to the atmosphere, where it increases the greenhouse effect.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-2

NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Scientists have been monitoring global sea level for over 100 years. The graph shows how global sea level has changed from 1900 to 2010. Scientists are concerned that if the trend in the data continues, then coastal regions will be flooded.
The data in the graph provide the strongest evidence in support of which of these policies?

Reducing the use of wind turbines, which may divert local wind patterns.

Reducing the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which harm the ozone layer.

Reducing the global burning of fossil fuels, which add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

Increasing the construction of dams and reservoirs, which help store water on land.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-5

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practice quiz 7

Which activity would you predict is most likely to have the smallest impact on environmental systems?

Legislation was introduced in 1987 to ban the use of compounds that were depleting the ozone layer. The graph below shows the levels of halogens in the atmosphere for several years after the legislation was passed.What conclusion can you draw from this graph?

Commercial development in the U.S. has resulted in an increase in the number of roads, housing developments, shopping centers, and parking lots. What risk does this pose to organisms in environments impacted by commercial development?

Which of the following is a benefit of using renewable resources?

Fossil fuels are commonly used as an energy source for transportation vehicles. Burning fossil fuels has led to more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and dissolved in seawater. Which of the following describes how burning fossil fuels is most likely to impact marine organisms?

Luella argues that the cost of fossil fuels is not truly reflected in the price that people pay for them. She argues that the damage to the global climate that is caused by fossil fuels should be included in their cost. Which statement is most useful for explaining Luella's argument?

A team of climate scientists issues a forecast for Earth's average temperatures by the year 2100. The forecast includes a range of temperatures, with a minimum increase of 2.6°C and a maximum increase of 4.8°C.Which factor is most likely responsible for the uncertainty in the forecast?

The pesticide DDT was once widely used to control mosquitos. However, because of a process called biomagnification, DDT caused damage to ecosystems and biodiversity. Which property of DDT caused this damage to occur?

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science

Legislation was introduced in 1987 to ban the use of compounds that were depleting the ozone layer. The graph below shows the levels of halogens in the atmosphere for several years after the legislation was passed.
What conclusion can you draw from this graph?

A team of climate scientists issues a forecast for Earth's average temperatures by the year 2100. The forecast includes a range of temperatures, with a minimum increase of 2.6°C and a maximum increase of 4.8°C.
Which factor is most likely responsible for the uncertainty in the forecast?