Steele & Aaronson

Who carried out a study to show how stereotype threat may affect an individual's test performance?

• Steele & Aronson

• Milgram & Zimbardo

• Pavlov & Skinner

• Watson & Crick

What is stereotype threat?

• The reinforcement of positive stereotypes in academic settings

• The risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one's group as a self-characteristic

• A method to improve test performance by using stereotypes

• A theory that dismisses the impact of stereotypes on individual behavior

What was the aim of the study mentioned in the material?

• To determine the impact of stereotype threat on the academic abilities of all students.

• To investigate how stereotype threat affects test performance in African Americans.

• To explore the positive effects of self-characteristic stereotypes on group behavior.

• To define the concept of stereotype threat in a broad sense.

How did Steele & Aronson define stereotype threat?

• As a risk of confirming positive stereotypes about one's group.

• As a self-fulfilling prophecy that enhances performance.

• As being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group.

• As an irrelevant concept in the context of test performance.

How many individuals made up the sample in the study described?

• 50

• 76

• 100

• 150

What were the two independent variables in the study?

• The age of the participant and the test descriptions.

• The race of the participant and the test scores.

• The gender of the participant and the test descriptions.

• The race of the participant and the test descriptions.

From which university were the undergraduate participants sampled?

• Harvard University

• Stanford University

• Yale University

• Princeton University

What type of test were the participants given in the study?

• A personality test

• A standardized test of verbal ability

• A math proficiency test

• A physical fitness test

What were the participants told about the test?

• It is a test of their memory skills

• It is a test of their artistic ability

• It is a test to diagnose their intellectual ability or a test of their problem-solving skills

• It is a test of their knowledge of history

How were the participants divided for the conditions of the test?

• Based on their age

• Based on their previous test scores

• Randomly, with equal numbers in each condition

• According to their choice