APHG Bellwork

Compare the two images. What do the technologies shown demonstrate about the Industrial Revolution?

• The dependence on large quantities of steel has limited industrial growth to areas with high concentration of coal and iron.

• The increased transportation technology has enabled the diffusion and expansion of industrial activities.

• Industrial centers must be built along rivers or waterways to facilitate the transportation of raw materials and finished goods.

• The initial take-off stages of the Industrial Revolution focused solely on heavy, material-oriented industries.

• Due to the cost of such large-scale industrial projects, industrialization has been unable to diffuse to developing countries.

In the context of industrialization, how does the use of the building materials in Image 1 compare to the use of building materials in Image 2 ?

Responses

• The change from stone to iron bridges had no impact on industrialization because stone was readily available and stronger than iron.

• The change from stone to iron bridges created a great demand by Europeans for bridges because iron bridges were less expensive to build.

• The scarcity in stone for building bridges facilitated the need to import new materials such as iron, leading to globalization and the rise of industrialization in Europe.

• The development of the metals industry led to the construction of higher and longer bridges, a reduced need for stone as a building material, and rapid industrialization.

• Bridges of stone were not constructed in Europe until modern times because the use of iron as a building material developed in the United States and did not diffuse to Europe until the early twentieth century.

The port of Los Angeles is the busiest port in the United States and a major break-of-bulk point. Which of the following statements correctly explains why Los Angeles is a break-of-bulk point?

Responses

• The robotic systems at the port results in fewer workers being required to unload container ships.

• The port can accommodate large container ships that can be unloaded quickly so that containers can be transferred onto carriers that use California’s highway and rail systems.

• The massive warehouses located at the port allow goods from container ships to be stored easily for long periods of time.

• Goods can be transferred to other container ships going to the port of San Francisco.

• Los Angeles is on the Pacific Ocean allowing for more trade with countries in Asia

Which of the following best explains the relationship between GDP per capita and world system theory?

Responses

• There is an uneven distribution of economic development and geographical division of labor in the world.

• There is an even distribution of economic development and geographical division of labor in the world.

• The countries with the highest GDP are also those with primary economic activities.

• The countries with the lowest GDP are those with tertiary economic activities.

• The peripheral countries have higher levels of both GDP and primary economic activities

Which of the following statements explains one of the limitations associated with utilizing the measures of development shown in the table above?

• Gross national income per capita allows for the comparison of the wealth level in a country on a per-person basis. Therefore, the relative wealth of the population in China and Namibia can be compared.

• All the statistics measure economic aspects of development and fail to measure social aspects of development. Frequently, social aspects of development are just as important as economic.

• The Gender Inequality Index measures aspects of gender disparity for married women.

• The Human Development Index and Gender Inequality Index use the same data and therefore measure the same noneconomic aspects of development.

• All the statistics aggregate data to the country level. Frequently, there is a great deal of variation in development within countries that is hidden by aggregated data.

Which of the following best explains a benefit of membership in the European Union?

• Member states are eligible to receive loans from the European Union, which protects states against recession.

• Member states receive equal numbers of international migrants, which ensures even distribution of resources.

• Member states receive annual payments from the European Union, which boosts gross national income.

• Member states have more secure borders, which guards against conflict.

• Member states form a single market, which creates a powerful economic bloc

Which of the following explains a significant obstacle to sustainable development in more developed countries?

• The reliance on fossil energy sources for electric generation and vehicle fuel has depleted resources globally and contributed to atmospheric pollution in cities

• The reliance on renewable energy for local electric generation and home heating creates significant risks, as alternative energy storage is more expensive than using fossil fuels

• High energy prices and low energy consumption have reduced the need for the development of additional sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.

• Low population growth in more developed countries has reduced the need for the development of additional sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.

• Increased economic productivity in less developed countries has moved investment funding away from the development of new sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.