Day 2 STAAR Review (BM/Enzymes/Succession)

An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits?

• Carbohydrates and lipids

• Proteins and carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids and carbohydrates

• Lipids and nucleic acids

Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids. However, on a gram-for-gram basis lipids provide cells with more -

• nitrogen

• proteins

• structure

• energy

A table of four types of carbohydrates is shown. Which list correctly matches the functions to the types of carbohydrates?

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A student preparing for a hike wants to pack a snack that has biomolecules that provide quickly available energy but few excess calories. Which nutrition label lists the best combination of biomolecules that provide quickly available energy while providing the fewest calories from other types of biomolecules?

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Triglycerides are compounds created by combining a molecule of glycerol with three fatty acids. Triglycerides are used to store large amounts of energy and are classified as a form of which biomolecule?

• carbohydrates

• proteins

• nucleic acids

• lipids

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

• The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme.

• The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.

• The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed.

• The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before.

The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH. Based on the data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?

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The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

• A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.

• The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells.

• The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes..

• A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.

Fireflies emit light. The production of light by an organism is called bioluminescence. To generate visible light, cells in a firefly's tail produces thousand of luciferase enzymes. Luciferase binds to a chemical called luciferin. Once bound, the luciferase enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction that combines an oxygen molecule and luciferin to produce oxyluciferin. This reaction requires energy and releases light. Which of the following best describes how the luciferase enzyme speed up the chemical reaction?

• Luciferase increases the amount of time the light is visible.

• Luciferase decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start.

• Luciferase increases the number of sites on luciferin.

• Luciferase decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body of the firefly.

Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme's function?

• Enzymes are specific to a substrate.

• Enzymes can operate in a wide rage of conditions.

• Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules.

• Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.