GMAS Science Challenge Properties of Matter

What is a chemical reaction?

• A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

• A chemical reaction is a process that does not involve any change in properties of substances.

• A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of physical substances.

• A chemical reaction is a process that involves only one chemical substance.

Answer explanation

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Name three properties of matter.

• Temperature

• Weight

• Mass, volume, density

• Length

Answer explanation

The correct properties of matter are mass, volume, and density, making them the three essential characteristics of matter.

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Define pure substances.

• Materials made of only one type of particle, can be elements or compounds.

• Materials made of multiple types of particles

• Compounds that consist of only one element

• Substances that are impure and contaminated

Answer explanation

Pure substances are materials made of only one type of particle, which can be elements or compounds. This definition excludes materials with multiple types of particles or impurities.

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How is the periodic table organized?

• By alphabetical order of element names.

• By decreasing atomic number and grouping elements with similar properties.

• By increasing atomic number and grouping elements with similar properties.

• By the number of electrons in each element.

Answer explanation

The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number and grouping elements with similar properties.

Explain the Law of Conservation of Matter.

• Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or rearranged.

• Matter can transform into energy.

• Matter can be destroyed completely.

• Matter can be created out of nothing.

Answer explanation

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or rearranged.

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What are the characteristics of atoms?

• Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and have the following characteristics: 1. They are the smallest units of an element that retains the properties of that element. 2. Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals. 3. They are electrically neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons. 4. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons, giving them unique chemical properties.

• Atoms do not have a nucleus and electrons are randomly scattered within the atom.

• Atoms are always positively charged due to the presence of protons.

• Atoms are composed of only protons and electrons, with no neutrons present.

Answer explanation

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, consisting of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. They are electrically neutral and have unique properties based on the number of protons.

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Distinguish between chemical and physical properties.

• Chemical properties involve the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change, while physical properties involve characteristics like color, density, and melting point.

• Chemical properties are related to physical changes, while physical properties are related to chemical changes.

• Chemical properties are observable, while physical properties are not observable.

• Physical properties involve the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change, while chemical properties involve characteristics like color, density, and melting point.

Answer explanation

Chemical properties involve the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change, while physical properties involve characteristics like color, density, and melting point.

How do atoms combine to form molecules?

• Atomic fusion

• Molecular synthesis

• Elemental fusion

• Chemical bonding

Answer explanation

Atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonding, where they share, donate, or receive electrons to achieve stability.

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What are the different states of matter?

• solid, liquid, gas, plasma

• solid, liquid, gas, condensate

• plasma, gas, liquid, solid

• solid, liquid, gas, solid

Answer explanation

The different states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. This choice is the correct order of the states of matter.

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Describe the process of sublimation.

• Sublimation is the process where a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase.

• Sublimation is the process where a substance transitions directly from a gas to a solid without passing through the liquid phase.

• Sublimation is the process where a substance transitions directly from a liquid to a gas without passing through the solid phase.

• Sublimation is the process where a substance transitions directly from a liquid to a solid without passing through the gas phase.

Answer explanation

Sublimation is the process where a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase.

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