Understanding the Effects of Space on Human Anatomy

What year did Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko start their space mission?

• 2015

• 2014

• 2013

• 2016

Approximately how often do humans get a new skeleton due to bone regeneration?

• Every 3-5 years

• Every 20-25 years

• Every 7-10 years

• Every 12-15 years

What is the primary concern regarding astronauts' health during long-term space missions?

• Increased muscle mass

• Bone density loss

• Improved vision

• Higher energy levels

Which type of bone tissue appears porous and contains trabeculae?

• Compact bone

• Osteons

• Lamellae

• Spongy bone

What is the main function of red bone marrow?

• Storing energy as fat

• Producing blood cells

• Regulating blood calcium levels

• Protecting against glucose intolerance

What are osteoblasts responsible for?

• Breaking down bone

• Storing energy as fat

• Building bone

• Maintaining bone matrix

How do osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together?

• By isolating bone marrow

• By competing for resources

• Through a balance of bone remodeling

• Through the production of blood cells

What stimulates bone remodeling?

• Consumption of calcium-rich foods

• Stress and strain on bones

• Exposure to sunlight

• Lack of exercise

Why do astronauts need to exercise at least 15 hours a week in space?

• To slow down bone density loss

• To enhance their sleep quality

• To improve their mood

• To prevent muscle atrophy

What imbalance occurs in astronauts' bones due to microgravity?

• Increased bone formation

• Decreased bone resorption

• More bone breaking than making

• Enhanced calcium absorption