What percentage of the AP exam/curriculum does the unit on Cognition cover?

• 13-17%

• 20-25%

• 10-12%

• 18-22%

What is the focus of cognitive psychologists?

• The complex nature of the brain, particularly memory processes and intelligence

• The study of human behavior in social contexts

• The development of language and communication skills

• The analysis of human anatomy and physiology

What is automatic processing?

• Conscious encoding that requires a lot of effort and attention

• Unconscious encoding of incidental information and well-learned information

• The process of directing our awareness to relevant stimuli

• Encoding that involves the shapes, looks, or surface structure of things

What does effortful processing require?

• Unconscious effort

• Attention and conscious effort

• Divided attention on multiple tasks

• No attention or effort at all

What is the difference between deep and shallow processing?

• Deep processing involves encoding the meaning, while shallow processing involves encoding the appearance

• Deep processing requires divided attention, while shallow processing requires selective attention

• Deep processing is unconscious, while shallow processing is conscious

• Deep processing is for new information, while shallow processing is for well-learned information

What is selective attention?

• Focusing on multiple tasks or ideas at once

• Unconscious encoding of information

• Directing our awareness to relevant stimuli and ignoring irrelevant ones

• Encoding that requires a lot of effort and attention

What does divided attention refer to?

• Focusing on one task at a time

• Directing our awareness to relevant stimuli only

• Mental focus on multiple tasks or ideas at once

• Unconscious encoding of well-learned information

What are the three types of variables involved in metacognition?

• Cognitive variables, affective variables, behavioral variables

• Person variables, task variables, strategy variables

• Internal variables, external variables, contextual variables

• Sensory variables, memory variables, perception variables

According to the Multi Store Model by Atkinson & Shiffrin, what happens to information that is not attended to in the Sensory Memory?

• It is transferred to Short Term Memory

• It is stored in Long Term Memory

• It is forgotten

• It is encoded for retrieval

What is required for information to move from Sensory Memory to Short Term Memory according to the Multi Store Model?

• Encoding

• Attention

• Retrieval

• Elaborate Rehearsal