Unit 4. Explaining second language learning

What did the widely used audiolingual teaching materials developed from the behaviorist approach focus on?

• Translation and vocabulary

• Mimicry and memorization of dialogues and sentence patterns

• Listening comprehension and reading

• Creative writing and advanced grammar

What hypothesis was rejected due to unpredictable errors in comparing the first language and the second language?

• Language acquisition hypothesis

• Contrastive analysis hypothesis

• Linguistic competence hypothesis

• Language transfer hypothesis

What second language acquisition model gained prominence in the 1970s as a rejection of behaviorism-based teaching methods?

• Noam Chomsky's Competence Model

• Bonnie Schwartz's Instruction Model

• Stephen Krashen's Monitor Model

• Vivian Cook's Learning Model

What hypothesis by Stephen Krashen has been a source of ideas for research in second language acquisition?

• Hypothesis of guided instruction

• Hypothesis of appropriate transfer

• Hypothesis of comprehensible input

• Hypothesis of grammatical competence

What do cognitive psychologists believe about second language acquisition in relation to brain structure?

• The brain is not involved in language acquisition

• Both sides of the brain are involved in language processing

• There is a specific area of the brain dedicated exclusively to language learning

• Only the right side of the brain is involved in language processing

What does appropriate transfer processing suggest in relation to memory?

• The information is better remembered in situations different from how it was learned

• The information is better remembered in situations similar to how it was learned

• The information is better remembered in high-pressure situations

• The information is better remembered in low-pressure situations

What type of knowledge becomes automatic with practice in acquiring a new language?

• Technical knowledge

• Conceptual knowledge

• Procedural knowledge

• Declarative knowledge

What concept involves a qualitative change in the learner's knowledge, causing sudden advances or apparent setbacks in learning?

• Appropriate transfer

• Restructuring

• Declarative knowledge

• Automatic knowledge

What aspect is important according to the competence model for learning a second language?

• The language structure

• The meaning and use of the language

• The correct pronunciation

• Advanced grammar

What hypothesis did Richard Schmidt propose regarding language learning?

• 
  Modified Interaction Hypothesis

• Notification Hypothesis

• Comprehensible Output Hypothesis

• Noticing Hypothesis