Research Planning & Design

What is the purpose of sampling methods in research?

• Sampling methods are used to exclude certain groups from the research process.

• The purpose of sampling methods in research is to select a representative subset of individuals from a larger population.

• The purpose of sampling methods is to ensure bias in the research findings.

• Sampling methods are designed to make the research process more time-consuming.

Explain the difference between experimental and non-experimental research design.

• Experimental research design involves manipulation of variables, while non-experimental research design does not.

• Experimental research design is always more accurate than non-experimental research design.

• Experimental research design is more cost-effective than non-experimental research design.

• Experimental research design involves only qualitative data, while non-experimental research design involves only quantitative data.

List three data collection techniques commonly used in research.

• Interviews

• Case studies

• Surveys, Observations, Experiments

• Literature reviews

Define independent and dependent variables in a research study.

• Dependent variable is controlled by the researcher, while the independent variable is the one being measured.

• Independent variable is the outcome of the study, while the dependent variable is the cause.

• Independent variable is qualitative, while the dependent variable is quantitative.

• Independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the one being measured or tested.

Why is hypothesis formulation important in the research process?

• Hypothesis formulation is not important in the research process

• Hypothesis formulation leads to biased results

• Hypothesis formulation hinders the research process

• Hypothesis formulation provides a clear direction, defines the research problem, guides data collection and analysis, and allows for testing and validation of findings.

What is the significance of conducting a literature review before starting a research project?

• To understand existing knowledge, identify gaps, refine research questions, and avoid duplicating previous work.

• To waste time and resources

• To limit creativity and innovation

• To confuse the research process

Describe the steps involved in the research process.

• Communicate findings before interpreting results

• Formulate conclusion before collecting data

• Identify research problem, review literature, formulate question/hypothesis, design methodology, collect/analyze data, interpret results, communicate findings

• Skip literature review

Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research approaches.

• Qualitative research is descriptive, subjective, and exploratory, while quantitative research is numerical, objective, and conclusive.

• Qualitative research relies on statistical analysis, while quantitative research focuses on qualitative data collection methods.

• Qualitative research is numerical, objective, and conclusive, while quantitative research is descriptive, subjective, and exploratory.

• Qualitative research is more reliable and accurate than quantitative research.

What are some common data analysis techniques used in research?

• Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, regression analysis, hypothesis testing, data mining, machine learning

• Cluster analysis

• Qualitative analysis

• Trend analysis

How does random sampling differ from stratified sampling?

• Stratified sampling selects individuals randomly from the entire population.

• Random sampling selects individuals randomly from the entire population, while stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups and then randomly selects individuals from each subgroup.

• Random sampling divides the population into subgroups and then randomly selects individuals from each subgroup.

• Random sampling involves selecting individuals based on specific characteristics.