1. Charlemagne was

• crowned the new Roman Emperor
• the leader of Muslim Spain
• a pope who favored church reforms
• an Anglo-Saxon ruler

2. Geographic factors, such as mountains and rivers, shaped European culture by

• both separating and protecting groups from one another and connecting them through trade
• leading to devastating weather, including flooding and storms
• connecting groups to one another through trade routes
• separating groups from one another

3. Where did the Franks settle?

• in an area that is now Britain
• an area that is now Germany
• an area that is now Russia
• an area that is now France

4. Serfs were feudal peasants who

• were enslaved and forced to work on large estates
• owned land and could hire laborers to work for them
• could not leave the manor, own property, or marry without approval
• worked part of the year on farms and part of the year in towns

5. Medieval cities were

• run democratically by all people
• dirty and unhealthy places
• planned to allow plenty of space between buildings
• full of advanced systems for managing sewage, light, and heat

6. In England, the Magna Carta

• limited the power of the king.
• gave the king unlimited power.
• limited the power of the pope.
• split power equally between the king and pope.

7. The Crusades were a series of "holy wars" launched by

• Western European Christians against Jews.
• Byzantine Christians against Jews.
• Western European Christians against Muslim groups.
• Muslim groups against Western European Christians.

8. Which of the following was one effect of the Crusades on Western Europe?

• Feudalism became a stronger institution.
• Christians and Muslims united.
• Wealthy Europeans began to demand eastern goods.
• The economy suffered because trade between western and easter peoples were no longer possible.

9. Which of the following was an effect of the Black Death in Western Europe?

• Demand for workers declined and wages fell.
• Food prices increased leading to more starvation.
• Demand for workers increased so much that serfs lost more rights and became enslaved.
• Peasants were able to demand more for their labor.

10. Which of these groups followed a code of chivalry?

• knights
• vassals
• lords
• monks