Elephant Ecosystems AP BIO

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor affecting population size?

• Temperature

• Food availability

• Volcanic eruptions

• Floods

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How does cooperation increase fitness in animals?

• By ensuring all individuals have equal access to resources

• By reducing the genetic diversity within a population

• By increasing the chances of survival and reproduction for individuals

• By promoting solitary behaviors that reduce competition

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Which of the following is a reproductive strategy used by many plants and other r-species?

• Producing a large number of seeds to increase the likelihood of offspring survival

• Migrating to different areas to reproduce

• Forming symbiotic relationships with animals to ensure protection

• Developing mechanisms to hunt prey

In an ecosystem, energy flows from:

• Carnivores to herbivores to producers

• Producers to herbivores to carnivores

• Decomposers to producers to herbivores

• Herbivores to carnivores to decomposers

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Which of the following best describes a keystone species?

• A species that is the most abundant in its ecosystem

• A species that has no natural predators in its ecosystem

• A species whose presence and role within an ecosystem have a disproportionate effect on other organisms within the system

• A species that can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions

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What does Simpson’s Diversity Index measure?

• The total number of species in an ecosystem

• The uniformity of species distribution in an ecosystem

• The rate of energy flow through an ecosystem

• The resilience of an ecosystem to environmental changes

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Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?

• Disease

• Competition

• Drought

• Predation

Why are keystone species important in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem?

• They are the most numerous species in the ecosystem.

• They provide the primary source of food for other species.

• Their removal can lead to significant changes in the ecosystem structure and function.

• They are the largest species, providing habitat for others.

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What is the primary reason that energy flow in an ecosystem is often depicted as a pyramid?

• Because energy increases as it moves up trophic levels

• Because there is more biomass at the base of the pyramid than at the top

• Because energy is conserved at each trophic level

• Because producers are always at the bottom of the food chain

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Which of the following best explains why density-dependent factors become more significant as a population grows?

• Because these factors do not affect small populations

• Because the impact of these factors is independent of the population size

• Because larger populations may deplete resources more quickly, leading to increased competition and other stressors

• Because larger populations are less likely to be affected by natural disasters

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