Review Week

Read the text.

Of the 1.3 billion residents of China, approximately 850 million speak Mandarin as their first language. For more than 60 million others, Cantonese is the first language. Although both languages are sometimes called "Chinese," the two sound so different that a Mandarin speaker and a Cantonese speaker cannot understand each other. Mandarin, spoken in Beijing and much of northern China, is the official language of mainland China. Cantonese, however, is more common in southern China and Hong Kong. Both languages are tonal, meaning that when pronouncing words, the voice must rise or fall in certain ways. However, Mandarin has four tones, while Cantonese has nine different ones.

• Compare and Contrast

• Chronological Order

• Problem and Solution

• Cause and Effect

"The Discovery of the DNA Structure"

They were not modest, these two daring young scientists who in 1953 declared... that they had "discovered the secret of life". But the claim by James Watson and Francis Crick was valid, as they indeed discovered the structure of DNA, the chemical that encodes instructions for building and replicating almost all living beings.

The discovery by Watson and Crick did not come out of nowhere. As early as 1943, Oswald Avery proved what had been suspected: that DNA... carries genetic information. But no one knew how it worked.

[Then, in 1951 at] King's College in London, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins were studying DNA. Wilkins and Franklin used X-ray diffraction as their main tool -- by emitting X-rays through the molecule, they obtained a shadowed image of the molecule's structure.

How does the author use a sequential structure to develop ideas?

• to show the problems and solutions of not discovering the DNA structure and how Watson and Crick resolved it.

• to recount which events led to the discovery of the DNA structure

• to recount which events led to the discovery of the DNA structure

• to describe how scientists discovered the DNA structure using certain microscopes at King's College

"The Discovery of the DNA Structure"

They were not modest, these two daring young scientists who in 1953 declared... that they had "discovered the secret of life". But the claim by James Watson and Francis Crick was valid, as they indeed discovered the structure of DNA, the chemical that encodes instructions for building and replicating almost all living beings.

The discovery by Watson and Crick did not come out of nowhere. As early as 1943, Oswald Avery proved what had been suspected: that DNA... carries genetic information. But no one knew how it worked.

[Then, in 1951 at] King's College in London, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins were studying DNA. Wilkins and Franklin used X-ray diffraction as their main tool -- by emitting X-rays through the molecule, they obtained a shadowed image of the molecule's structure.

What is the main idea of this section?

• the ideas of many scientists came together, leading to the discovery of the DNA structure

• Oswald Avery was the first person to discover the DNA structure

• The discovery by Watson and Crick was the first of its kind about the DNA structure.

• Watson and Crick discovered the function of the DNA structure.

"The Discovery of the DNA Structure" (continuation)

Referring to the X-ray image by Franklin known as "Photo 51", James Watson is said to have exclaimed: "The moment I saw the picture, my mouth fell open and my pulse began to race." Shortly after, Watson and Crick made a crucial breakthrough by proposing that the DNA molecule was composed of two paired strands in such a way to form a double helix, like a spiral staircase.

For their work, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. Despite her contribution to the discovery of the helical structure of DNA, Rosalind Franklin was not named a winner of the prize: She had died of cancer four years earlier, at the age of 37.

What is the role of the following sentence?

"Shortly after, Watson and Crick made a crucial breakthrough by proposing that the DNA molecule was composed of two paired strands in such a way to form a double helix, like a spiral staircase."

What is the main idea of this section?

• to explain how the X-ray image, "Photo 51" was discovered by Watson and Crick.

• to describe how Watson, Crick, and Wilkins worked together to solve the problem of the DNA structure

• 1. to show how the scientists achieved a breakthrough in discovering the structure of DNA

• to illustrate how the ideas of each scientist were individually built upon those of others.

Read the excerpt from the introduction below and answer the question.

Sugar has long been at the center of our lives. It is often used to reward us for a job well done and is

distributed in holidays in baskets and stockings around the world. But is it really acceptable to consume

so much sugar? What does it do to our bodies? Doctors and experts around the world have been warning us

about sugar for years."

Which of these inferences about the author's viewpoint is best supported by the excerpt above?

• The author believes that doctors should have spoken out a long time ago.

• The author believes that we should not distribute sweets on holidays.

• The author believes that sugar is an important part of the American diet.

• The author believes that many Americans may be consuming too much sugar.

Debra was walking with a large black Labrador on the beach. The dog was off-leash, but didn't seem to stray far from her. As Debra walked on the sand, the Labrador ran through the waves. When the dog got a few meters behind Debra, she called out, "Come, Duke! Come here, boy!" Duke barked, ran from the water, and quickly caught up to Debra. Duke was soaking wet. He began to lick Debra and almost knocked her over. Debra laughed and tried to wipe the paw prints off her clothes.

How does the author develop the character's perspective? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

• internal dialogue

• dialogue

• narrated actions

• setting

Rudy took a bite of the sandwich. Although he didn't like eggs, he knew eating it would make Marissa happy. And it did. Marissa was pleased to see Rudy enjoying the sandwich she had made for him. "Did you like it?" Marissa asked excitedly. Rudy lied with a big fake smile, "Yes! Eggs are my favorite. This is so good." Nothing could have made Marissa happier.

How does the author develop the perspectives of the different characters?

• dialogue and narrated actions

• internal dialogue and narrated actions

• 1. internal thoughts and feelings

• internal conflict and perspective

People should be careful not to drink contaminated water, it can make them very sick.

What does contaminated mean in this sentence?

• Tasty

• Salty

• Natural

• Poisoned

Everyone in the classroom _________________ ice cream and soda now.

• Are enjoying

• enjoying

• are enjoying

• enjoys

Find the main idea

 Being a clown is not just fun and games.  Rodeo clowns expose themselves to great danger every time they perform.  When cowboys dismount or are thrown off bulls in riding competitions, rodeo clowns jump in front of the bulls and wave wildly to catch their attention.  In this way, rodeo clowns offer an alternative target, and by doing so protect the rider.  So, you see, sometimes clowning around can be a serious matter.

• Being a clown is not just fun and games.

• Rodeo clowns protect cowboys by putting themselves in danger.

• Rodeos are exciting.

• Clowns are good at riding bulls.