C12 T2 R1R3

The man ( ) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.

Which one is NOT correct?

• that

• who

• /

• which

The dress Lisa ( ) bought doesn’t fit her very well.
(choose two correct answers)

• who

• that

• /

• where

Which one is correct?

• The books you were looking for are on my table.
  

• The books you were looking for them are on my table.
  

So we need to create powerful AI machines ( ) are ‘human-friendly’- ( )have goals reliably aligned with our own values.

• no word needed/no word needed

• that/ that

• no word needed/that

• that/no word needed

She gives her children everything_______ they want.
(two correct answers)

• which

• what

• that

• --

Why do you blame me for everything ( ) goes wrong?

• which

• that

• /

• who

Two things distinguish food production from all other productive activities: first, every single person needs food each day and has a right to it; and second, it is hugely dependent on nature. These two unique aspects, one political, the other natural, make food production highly vulnerable and different from any other business. At the same time, cultural values are highly entrenched in food and agricultural systems worldwide.

Choose the best heading for the paragraph above

• a reference to characteristics that only apply to food production

• a reference to challenges faced only by farmers in certain parts of the world

• a reference to difficulties in bringing about co-operation between farmers

Farmers everywhere face major risks, including extreme weather, long-term climate change, and price volatility in input and product markets. However, smallholder farmers in developing countries must in addition deal with adverse environments, both natural, in terms of soil quality, rainfall, etc., and human, in terms of infrastructure, financial systems, markets, knowledge and technology. Counter-intuitively, hunger is prevalent among many smallholder farmers in the developing world.

Choose the best heading for the paragraph above

• a reference to characteristics that only apply to food production

• a reference to challenges faced only by farmers in certain parts of the world

• a reference to difficulties in bringing about co-operation between farmers

Some participating authors and commentators argued in favour of community-based and autonomous risk management strategies through collective action groups, co-operatives or producers’ groups. Such groups enhance market opportunities for small-scale producers, reduce marketing costs and synchronise buying and selling with seasonal price conditions. According to Murphy, ‘collective action offers an important way for farmers to strengthen their political and economic bargaining power, and to reduce their business risks.’ One commentator, Giel Ton, warned that collective action does not come as a free good. It takes time, effort and money to organise, build trust and to experiment. Others, like Marcel Vernooij and Marcel Beukeboom, suggested that in order to ‘apply what we already know’, all stakeholders, including business, government, scientists and civil society, must work together, starting at the beginning of the value chain.

Choose the best heading the paragraph above

•   a reference to characteristics that only apply to food production

• a reference to challenges faced only by farmers in certain parts of the world

• a reference to difficulties in bringing about co-operation between farmers

It also seems that the neurological roots of the bilingual advantage extend to brain areas more traditionally associated with sensory processing. When monolingual and bilingual adolescents listen to simple speech sounds without any intervening background noise, they show highly similar brain stem responses. When researchers play the same sound to both groups in the presence of background noise, however, the bilingual listeners’ neural response is considerably larger, reflecting better encoding of the sound’s fundamental frequency, a feature of sound closely related to pitch perception.

Choose the best heading for the paragraph above

• an example of how bilingual and monolingual people’s brains respond differently to a certain type of non-verbal auditory input

• a demonstration of how a bilingual upbringing has benefits even before we learn to speak

• a description of the process by which people identify words that they hear

• reference to some negative consequences of being bilingual