Unit 6 - Genetics

What does semi-conservative mean?

• Each new DNA molecule consists of two original strands
• Semi-conservative means the DNA remains unchanged
• It refers to the process of DNA replication in bacteria only
• Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

What does DNA polymerase do?

• DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the existing DNA template strand during DNA replication.
• DNA polymerase repairs damaged proteins
• DNA polymerase synthesizes RNA molecules
• DNA polymerase breaks down DNA strands

In what direction does DNA polymerase read and make DNA, respectively?

• 3' to 5' and 5' to 3'
• 3' to 5' and 3' to 5'
• 5' to 5' and 3' to 3'
• 3' to 3' and 5' to 5'

Where does the energy necessary to make new DNA come from?

• Fermentation in bacteria
• Photosynthesis in plants
• Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria
• Energy released when phosphates on DNA are released and bonds are broken

What is a polypeptide?

• A polypeptide is a type of carbohydrate
• A polypeptide is a type of lipid
• A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
• A polypeptide is composed of nucleotides

What is the only condition in which cAMP is made?

• Under acidic conditions
• Only when glucose levels are low

• In the presence of ATP
• Absence of adenylate cyclase enzyme

What is the only condition under which allolactose is made?

• Lactose is absent and the lac operon is induced
• Lactose is absent and the lac operon is repressed
• Lactose is present and the lac operon is repressed
• Lactose is present

What is cAMP (or cyclic AMP)?

• cAMP is the small molecule that binds to CAP and makes it able to bind to the lac operon

• cAMP is a type of protein found in plants.
• cAMP is a neurotransmitter in the brain.
• cAMP is a type of sugar used in cellular respiration.

How is gene expression regulated during protein activity?

• They may undergo modifications that affect their activity (ex: added tags)

• Genetic control
• Protein control
• Cellular control

Where does CAP bind on the lac operon?

• CAP binds to the enhancer region
• CAP binds to the promoter region
• CAP binds to the CAP site, just before the promoter and help polymerase bind

• CAP binds to the terminator region