Topic#7 Study Guide (test review)

Which of the following is one main reason the Industrial Revolution was a turning point in world history?

• People stopped exchanging goods in outdoor markets.

• Anesthetics became available for use in dentistry and surgery.

• The traditional rural lifestyle ended for most people.

• People no longer needed to travel on foot or in horse-drawn carts.

Why did the population of Britain increase in the mid-1700s?

• People moved to cities from farming villages to find employment.

• More people were needed to work in factories on the new machines.

• Better farming led to a food surplus, so fewer people died of starvation.

• Population statistics clearly show that people were healthier.

What important contribution did James Watt make to the Industrial Revolution?

• He developed a seed drill for planting.

• He perfected a new source of energy.

• He developed ways to increase crop yields.

• He improved methods of iron smelting.

Who supplied the capital that helped Britain industrialize?

• the rapidly growing labor force

• talented inventors with new ideas

• investors willing to take risks

• the British government

Which statement best explains how transportation technology advanced the Industrial Revolution?

• Transportation spurred industry because rivers, ports, canals, and railroads aided the shipment of goods to many places.

• Technological improvements in the shipping industry led most industries to transport their goods to markets overseas.

• Transportation played little role in industrialization until the arrival of railroads and the ability to move goods over land.

• Railroads allowed goods to travel over land, but shipping by sea remained the most important method of transporting goods.

What statement best describes the industrialization of other western nations after Britain?

• Inventors from Britain shared their knowledge with Europe and the United States so that they could become trading partners with Britain.

• Some nations learned about the new technology and had more resources than Britain so they could advance quickly by following Britain's lead.

• Most other nations were slow to adopt industrialization practices because they were unaware of the benefits and had little contact with Britain.

• Because all nations had equal access to factors of production, they quickly copied Britain's model and became industrialized.

Which of the following statements about population trends during the Industrial Revolution is most accurate?

• Demand for labor in factories was one cause of the population shift toward urban areas.

• People left cities to move to farms because of improvements in farming from the agricultural revolution.

• Population decreased during the first stage of industrialization because of unsafe working conditions.

• Towns built near coal and iron mines suffered a loss of population as workers left for factory jobs in cities.

Which of the following supports the idea that the Industrial Revolution led to social change in Europe?

• The poor lived mainly in neighborhoods with overcrowded buildings.

• Labor unions were against the law during the early 1800s.

• Lack of sewage systems in cities helped spread disease.

• Entrepreneurs earned enough wealth to rise above the working class.

What statement best describes the lives of women who worked during the Industrial Revolution?

• They worked 12 hours or more a day for half the pay of men, and they tended to the family and household when at home.

• They avoided working in the mining industry because mines were too dangerous due to flooding, collapse, and explosions.

• In textile mills, they changed spools and crawled under machinery to fix broken threads because of their small size and nimble fingers.

• Employers made efforts to protect them from the most dangerous jobs in factories and mines and allowed them to work shorter days.

During the Industrial Revolution, how did economics drive political change?

• The working class lost political power as they sought jobs in cities where they had no influence.

• Wealthy entrepreneurs entered the upper class and became members of Parliament.

• The growing middle class demanded more democracy, so voting rights gradually expanded.

• The Luddites caused economic damage, which made authorities deprive workers of the vote.