CA 5 Part A TEKS 6ABC

What are the components of DNA?

• Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base

• Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

• Sulfur, iron oxide, and acid

• Carboxyl group, amino group, and R group

What are the four possible nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

• Methionine, Tyrosine, Leucine, Alanine

• Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

A segment of DNA is shown in the diagram below. Which component of DNA is indicated by the X?

• Nucleotide

• Phosphate group

• Hydrogen bond

• Deoxyribose

Nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. DNA is made up of long strands of nucleotides. Which part of the molecule can differ between nucleotides?

• Phosphate Group

• Sugar

• Nitrogenous Base

In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?

• Differences in the nucleotide sequence of genes.

• Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells.

• Differences in the diets of individual cattle.

• Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas.

Each strand of a DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases that pair with other nitrogenous bases in very specific ways. A diagram of a section of DNA is shown.

• Option A

• Option B

• Option C

• Option D

Four different types of cells are shown below. Which characteristic is shared by all four cells?

• A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy

• Self-locomotion

• Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances

• Genetic material composed of DNA

Which property is shared by the cells of all living things?

• The cells contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

• The cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and a cell wall made of cellulose.

• The cells have chromosomes that are located inside a membrane-bound nucleus.

• The cells rely on mitochondria to carry out aerobic cellular respiration.

Scientists use zebrafish to study human genetic diseases because zebrafish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement best describes why zebrafish experience similar genetic disease as humans?

• Zebrafish have an omnivorous diet similar to that of humans.

• Zebrafish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans.

• Zebrafish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans.

• Zebrafish produce gametes through a process that is similar to that of humans.

What is the purpose of the process shown in the diagram below?

• To transcribe RNA from a DNA template

• To transform RNA into double-stranded DNA

• To correct mistakes made during DNA replication

• To translate the genetic code into a protein