Neuroscience Basics

What is the typical value of the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

• +30 mV

• -70 mV

• 0 mV

• +70 mV

During depolarization, which ions primarily flow into the neuron?

• Sodium (Na+)

• Potassium (K+)

• Calcium (Ca2+)

• Chloride (Cl-)

What is the main event that triggers the repolarization phase of an action potential?

• Sodium channels open wider

• Potassium channels open, and potassium ions flow out of the cell

• Calcium channels open

• More sodium ions are pumped into the cell

Which of the following best describes the role of synaptic vesicles in neurotransmitter release?

• They generate the action potential in the presynaptic neuron.

• They store neurotransmitters that are released into the synaptic cleft.

• They reabsorb neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.

• They produce neurotransmitters in response to an action potential.

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?

• The arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal

• The repolarization of the neuron membrane

• The resting membrane potential reaching +30 mV

• The hyperpolarization of the neuron

What happens to the membrane potential during hyperpolarization?

• It becomes more positive than the resting membrane potential.

• It returns to the resting membrane potential.

• It becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential.

• It remains unchanged.

Which ion's movement is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of an action potential?

• Sodium (Na+) ions moving out of the cell

• Potassium (K+) ions moving into the cell

• Sodium (Na+) ions moving into the cell

• Potassium (K+) ions moving out of the cell

After neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, what typically happens to them?

• They are immediately destroyed by enzymes in the synaptic cleft.

• They bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, initiating a response.

• They are pumped back into the presynaptic neuron.

• They diffuse away from the synaptic cleft and have no further action.

What causes the vesicles to start moving into the synaptic cleft after the action potential?

• Influx of calcium ions
• Activation of potassium channels
• Release of neurotransmitters
• Efflux of calcium ions

Label the image. Not all of the words will be used.

d

e

f

c

Neurotransmitters

Synaptic Cleft

Dendrite

Calcium

Synapse

Myelin sheath