Renal Quiz

Which of the following is the most common pathogen causing a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)?

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Staphylococcus saprophyticus

• Escherichia coli (E. coli)

• Klebsiella pneumoniae

What are the first-choice drugs to treat uncomplicated or initial urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

• Amoxicillin, cephalexin, and ciprofloxacin

• Bactrim, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin

• Levofloxacin, azithromycin, and doxycycline

• Metronidazole, vancomycin, and clindamycin

What is pyelonephritis?

• Inflammation of the bladder

• Inflammation of the urethra

• Inflammation of the renal parenchyma and collecting system

• Inflammation of the glomeruli

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) develops 1 to 6 weeks after an infection of which areas?

• The tonsils, pharynx, or skin by nephrotoxic strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

• The gastrointestinal tract by E. coli

• The lungs by Streptococcus pneumoniae

• The skin by Staphylococcus aureus

What are the manifestations of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

• Increased plasma albumin and tissue edema

• Generalized body edema, hypertension, oliguria, hematuria, and proteinuria

• Hyperlipidemia, anasarca, and ascites development

• Metabolic, dietary, genetic, climatic, lifestyle, and occupational influences

How can the development of APSGN be prevented?

• Encouraging early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and lupus

• Encouraging early diagnosis and treatment of sore throats and skin lesions

• Avoiding foods that cause calcium oxalate stones

• Consuming an adequate fluid intake to produce a urine output of about 2.5 L/day

What is a common symptom of renal colic?

• Inability of the patient to remain still

• Increased plasma albumin

• Hyperlipidemia and ascites

• Diminished force of the urinary stream

What is the main treatment for a patient with urinary tract stones?

• High-energy shock waves to fragment kidney stones

• Dietary changes or medications based on the type of stone

• Drinking 2-3L of fluids daily to flush the urinary tract

• Treating the symptoms of pain, infection, and/or obstruction

What is a stricture in the context of urinary tract issues?

• A type of kidney stone

• A systemic illness like diabetes or lupus

• A narrowing of the lumen of the ureter or urethra

• A dietary influence that leads to stone formation

What is Nephrosclerosis associated with?

• Diabetes mellitus

• Hypertension

• Polycystic kidney disease

• Urinary incontinence