Quiz about Evolution of Landforms & Lifeforms

Question 1

Who is the person credited with developing the theory of continental drift?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Wegener

Answer

Harry Hess

Answer

Galileo

Answer

Newton

Question 2

Which type of fossil forms when minerals replace the remains of once living organisms and they become rock?

Accepted Answer

Petrified Fossil

Answer

Mold Fossil

Answer

Cast Fossil

Answer

Index Fossil

Answer

Trace Fossil

Question 3

Which type of fossil forms when a mold of a once living organism becomes filled with minerals that are not a part of the original organism.

Accepted Answer

Cast Fossil

Answer

Petrified Fossil

Answer

Mold Fossil

Answer

Index Fossil

Answer

Trace Fossil

Question 4

Which type of fossil is a mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement or actions of an animal?

Accepted Answer

Trace Fossil

Answer

Petrified Fossil

Answer

Mold Fossil

Answer

Cast Fossil

Answer

Index Fossil

Question 5

According to paleontologists, how old is the Earth?

Accepted Answer

4.6 Billion Years Old

Answer

3.5 Billion Years Old

Answer

543 Million Years Old

Answer

57 Million Years Old

Question 6

Which dating strategy looks at where a fossil is located to determine its age relative to other fossils?

Accepted Answer

Relative Dating

Answer

Absolute Dating

Question 7

Which dating strategy uses radioactive elements to determine the actual age of a fossils?

Accepted Answer

Absolute Dating

Answer

Relative Dating

Question 8

Analyze the layers of undisturbed sedimentary rock in the attached image. Which layer of rock is oldest?

Accepted Answer

U

Answer

Q

Answer

R

Answer

S

Answer

T

Question 9

What type of event usually marks the end of a Geologic Era?

Accepted Answer

A mass extinction

Answer

A mass evolution

Answer

A mass selection

Answer

A mass destruction

Question 10

Which of the following is an accurate definition of the word fossil?

Accepted Answer

Preserved remains or traces of a once living organism

Answer

Any dead organisms.

Answer

Rock layers where once living organisms are found.

Answer

Bones from once living organisms

Question 11

Which type of fossil is a solid, 3D copy of the shape of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Cast fossil

Answer

Mold fossil

Answer

Trace fossil

Answer

Carbon film fossil

Question 12

What information can we learn from ice cores?

Accepted Answer

We can learn how the climate has changed.

Answer

We can learn how the dinosaurs died.

Answer

We can learn about ancient droughts.

Question 13

Ice cores ___________.

Accepted Answer

show the layers of snow and ice that have built up over thousands of years.

Answer

show layers of volcanic ash that have accumulated throughout time.

Answer

show layers of the oceans and their changes over time.

Question 14

Based on relative dating, which fossil is the oldest?

Accepted Answer

Trilobite

Answer

Ammonite

Answer

Crinoid

Answer

Gastropod

Question 15

According to the Law of Superposition, the oldest fossils are found _____________.

Accepted Answer

near the bottom of a layer of sedimentary rock.

Answer

at the top of a layer of sedimentary rock.

Answer

in the middle of a layer of sedimentary rock.

Answer

in any igneous rock layer.

Question 16

True or False: Faults are younger than the rocks they cut.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 17

The ____________ states that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been disturbed

Accepted Answer

Law of Superposition

Answer

Law of Crosscutting

Answer

Theory of Evolution

Answer

Theory of Natural Selection

Question 18

A(n) ____________ is a break in the geologic record that is made when rock layers are eroded over a long period of time.

Accepted Answer

unconformity

Answer

geologic gap

Answer

evolutionary vacuum

Answer

vestigial structure

Question 19

In the attached image, which geologic structure is the oldest?

Accepted Answer

Layer A

Answer

Layer E

Answer

Intrusion D

Answer

Intrusion H

Question 20

Which type of fossil is formed when an organism is quickly buried and flattened by enormous pressure and only the carbon from the organism remains as a thin black film?

Accepted Answer

carbon Film

Answer

mold and cast fossil

Answer

trace fossil

Answer

tar pit fossil

Question 21

The layers of rock in this image have been disrupted by a(n):

Accepted Answer

fault

Answer

intrusion

Answer

unconformity

Answer

extrusion

Question 22

The best index fossils have which two traits?

Accepted Answer

widespread geographically, short lifespan

Answer

widespread geographically, long lifespan

Answer

specific place, long lifespan

Answer

specific place, short lifespan

Question 23

Why do the Earth's tectonic plates move?

Accepted Answer

the continuous movement of hot magma in the mantle. (convection)

Answer

the continuous rotation of the earth around its axis.

Answer

the continuous pull of the sun on the Earth's surface.

Answer

the continuous movement of the Earth's jet stream.

Question 24

What was the name given to all the Earth's continents when they were joined as one super continent?

Accepted Answer

Pangaea

Answer

Continental Drift

Answer

Eurasia

Answer

Plate tectonics

Question 25

The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

Continental Drift

Answer

Pangaea

Answer

Supercontinent

Answer

Terrestrial separation

Question 26

The process in which populations of living organisms slowly change over time is called _________.

Accepted Answer

evolution

Answer

adaptation

Answer

natural selection

Answer

mutation

Question 27

Nature has a way of causing organisms that inherit advantageous traits to survive and reproduce more successfully than the ones that don't. This process is known as _____________.

Accepted Answer

natural selection

Answer

genetic variation

Answer

adaptation

Answer

overproduction

Question 28

Populations of species that do not adapt to their environment can eventually become _________.

Accepted Answer

extinct

Answer

stronger

Answer

resistant to change

Answer

naturally selected

Question 29

In both the past and the present, humans have selected plants or animals for breeding based on desirable traits. This process is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

artificial selection

Answer

natural selection

Answer

farming

Answer

cropping

Question 30

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as ______________.

Accepted Answer

homologous structures

Answer

vestigial structures

Answer

analogous structures

Answer

embryology

Question 31

The penguin and the fish developed their fins/wings independently from one another, but they serve the same purpose. They do not have a common ancestor. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Analogous structures

Answer

Homologous structures

Answer

Vestigial organs

Answer

Functional adaptions

Question 32

Structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose are called _______.

Accepted Answer

Analogous Structures

Answer

Vestigial Structures

Answer

Homologous Structures

Answer

Unconformities

Question 33

Which of these two moths is likely to see an increase in population?

Accepted Answer

dark

Answer

light

Question 34

Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________.

Accepted Answer

increase in number

Answer

become extinct

Question 35

Peppered Moths resemble the bark of the trees on which they live. Which statement provides the best explanation for this resemblance?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection played a role in this protective coloration.

Answer

The trees caused mutations in the insects.

Answer

The insect camouflage themselves based on where they land.

Question 36

Traits that help an organism survive are called __________.

Accepted Answer

adaptations

Answer

vestigial structures

Answer

homologous structures

Answer

variations

Question 37

Differences that exist naturally among members of a population or species are called __________.

Accepted Answer

variations

Answer

mutations

Answer

adaptations

Answer

evolutions

Question 38

True or False: Species with more variation are more likely to survive.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 39

Which Layer of ROCK is the YOUNGEST?

Accepted Answer

D

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

C

Question 40

Which best explains the significance of the trilobite as an index fossil?

Accepted Answer

They are fossils that indicate a specific era in geologic time.

Answer

They were the most recent fossils to be discovered.

Answer

They are fossils that represent many different life-forms

Answer

They were the only fossils found outside the United States.

Question 41

Scientists theorize that the animal on the left is related to the animal on the right and has gone through changes over time. How did the scientists conclude that the animal changed over time?

Accepted Answer

By examining fossil records

Answer

By learning about natural selection

Answer

By studying deposition of sediments

Answer

By observing different types of rock formations

Question 42

Which are likely environmental conditions for a fossil to form?

Accepted Answer

Organism remains were buried with little oxygen.

Answer

Organism remains were deposited in an area of open space.

Answer

Organism remains were covered by lava flow.

Answer

Organism remains were buried in an area where a lot of erosion occurred.

Question 43

Why are fossils commonly found in sedimentary rocks but not in igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

Igneous rocks are formed from molten rock, while sedimentary rocks are formed from compacted sediments

Answer

Igneous rocks are formed after sedimentary rocks.

Answer

Igneous rocks are not deposited like sedimentary rocks.

Answer

Igneous rocks are made up of harder minerals than sedimentary rock.

Question 44

True or False : Fossils from organism found in lower rock layers are older than the fossils of organisms found in the top layers of rock.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 45

A geologist identifies the identical index fossils in rock layers from two different areas. Which conclusion is best supported by this discovery?

Accepted Answer

The two rock layers were deposited at approximately the same time.

Answer

The deposition of the two rock layers was identical.

Answer

The fossilized organism evolved independently in the two separate areas.

Answer

The index fossil will also occur in sediment deposited on top of these rock layers.

Question 46

Which best demonstrates analogous structures in animals?

Accepted Answer

Bird wings and insect wings

Answer

Cat fur and dog fur

Answer

Whale fins and human arms

Answer

Bat wings and horse legs

Question 47

Human arms have a radius and an ulna bone. Whales, dogs, and bats also have these two bones. Which statements BEST explains their relationship?

Accepted Answer

Humans and other animals share a common ancestor.

Answer

Humans evolved from whales, bats, and dogs.

Answer

Humans evolved around the same time as the other animals.

Answer

Humans have existed in the same location as the other animals.

Question 48

True or False : An increase in mutations will cause an increase in genetic variation in a population of organisms.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 49

Why are mutations important for a species?

Accepted Answer

They bring genetic variation needed for a population to evolve.

Answer

They only bring benefits to the individual.

Answer

They only bring harm to the population.

Answer

They have no effect on the individual or population.

Evolution of Landforms & Lifeforms

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