Genetics Quiz

1. 1. Leigh Ann is learning about the differences between inherited traits and learned behaviors in organisms. For example, she knows that being able to read is learned, while having straight or curly hair is inherited. How does a person inherit a trait such as hair texture?

• A. Through the storage of extra fat during birth
• B. Through DNA that is passed from parents to offspring
• C. Through the breakdown of different proteins during birth
• D. Through different viruses that are passed from parents to offspring

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2. Shelly and Jason are siblings, but Shelley looks like their father while Jason looks like their mother. Which of the following statements best explains the difference in Shelly’s and Jason’s features?

• A. Shelly inherited a greater number of chromosomes from their father than Jason did
• B. Shelly inherited a smaller number of X chromosomes from their mother than Jason did
• C. Shelly and Jason had different mutations occur in the 46 chromosomes they inherited from their mother and father
• D. Shelly and Jason inherited different combinations of 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23 chromosomes from their father

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3. The illustration below shows that sexual reproduction involving two parent pea plants resulted in the production of four offspring. Which of the following statements best describes heredity in organisms that reproduce sexually?

• A. All four offspring received all of their genetic information only from Parent 1 and are therefore, identical to that parent
• B. All four offspring received all of their genetic information only from Parent 2 and are therefore, identical to that parent
• C. All four offspring is genetically unique and received some of its genetic information from each parent, so each has some traits in common with each parent
• D. All four offspring are genetically unique and did not receive any of their genetic information from either parent

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4. DNA contains genes that provide instructions for inherited traits. What is the relationship between the genes and chromosomes?

• A. Genes are segments of DNA that are located on the chromosomes of each cell
• B. Genes are made up of thousands of chromosomes
• C. Genes correspond to the phenotype, while chromosomes correspond to the genotype
• D. Genes correspond to the genotype, while chromosomes correspond to the phenotype

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5. Kara has a plant that produces either purple or white flowers. She crosses a plant that has two recessive alleles for white flowers with a plant that has two dominant alleles for purple flowers. Which result would be true of all the offspring?

• A. All of the offspring would have two recessive alleles and white flowers
• B. All of the offspring would have two dominant alleles and purple flowers
• C. All of the offspring would have one recessive allele, one dominant allele, and white flowers
• D. All of the offspring would have one recessive allele, one dominant allele, and purple flowers

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6. One trait that differs in pea plants involves the placement of the flowers. In some plants, flowers grow along the stem of the plant. In other plants, the flowers grow at the tip of the plant. The stem flower position is the dominant trait, and the tip flower position is the recessive trait. Which traits would you expect to see if you self-pollinated several generations of pea plants that have the recessive trait?

• A. The tip flower position would not be seen at all
• B. The stem flower position would not be seen at all
• C. The tip flower position would skip some generations
• D. The stem flower position would skip some generations

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7. Where does the process of transcription occur?

• A. Cell nucleus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Ribosomes
• D. Outside the cell

8. Which process makes a copy of a DNA molecule?

• A. Mutation
• B. Replication
• C. Transcription
• D. Translation

9. In a cross between two pea plants, the trait for yellow seed color appears when the expressed gene has one or both alleles for yellow color. Green color appears only when both alleles code for green color. What conclusion can be drawn from the statement?

• A. Both yellow color and green color are acquired traits
• B. Yellow color is a normal trait while green color is a mutated trait
• C. Yellow color is a dominant trait while green color is a recessive trait
• D. Yellow color is a recessive trait while green color is a dominant trait

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10. Ryan notices that all of his friend’s brothers and sisters are tall. What is the most likely explanation for this characteristic?

• A. They have tall parents
• B. They have identical genes
• C. They eat only healthy foods
• D. They live in the same environment

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