Unit 4 Review (Part 2): Protein Synthesis

In RNA, Adenine (A) pairs with...

• T

• U

• C

• G

Answer explanation

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA?

• Double stranded

• Contains the base Thymine

• Can leave the nucleus

• Contains the sugar deoxyribose

Answer explanation

The DNA stays in the nucleus - it sends out copies of RNA to direct the cell's activity

What would be the complementary RNA sequence for the following DNA sequence?

ATTCGT

• UAAGCA

• TAAGCA

• GCCTAC

• UGCUAC

Answer explanation

RNA base pairs:

U - A & C - G

A - U

T - A

T - A

C - G

G - C

T - A

Which type of RNA is responsible for TRANSFERRING amino acids to the ribosome?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• DNA

Answer explanation

tRNA = TRANSFER RNA, transfers amino acids to the growing protein

What amino acid is coded for by the RNA sequence below?

AGG

• Gly

• Leu

• Arg

• Val

Answer explanation

When reading a circular codon chart, start from the middle circle and work your way out

What type of mutation has occured to the DNA sequence below?

Original DNA: AAC - GTA

Mutated DNA: AAG - TA

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Non - sense

Answer explanation

Mutations:

Deletion = a base is removed without a replacement

Insertion = a base is added in

Substitution = a base is replaced with another

Nonsense = a mutation that creates a "stop" codon, releasing the protein before it's finished

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleotide

Which of the following is the complementary mRNA sequence to this DNA strand: AACTGAA

• UUGACUU

• TTGACTT

• AACTGAA

• AACUGAA

Answer explanation

RNA Base Pairs: A-U & C-G

A - U

A - U

C - G

T - A

G - C

A - U

A - U

What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?

• base
• codon
• amine
• serine

Answer explanation

If the nitrogen bases are like letters, codons are like words - you don't read a book 1 letter at a time, you read it 1 word at a time:

The ribosome reads mRNA one codon at a time, and each codon tells the ribosome & tRNA which amino acid to add

The process that copies info from DNA into a molecule of mRNA is _______

• translation
• transcription
• replication

Answer explanation

To remember: TranSCRIPTion & Translation

Think of it like the "script" of a movie or theatrical play - it's the written down instructions telling the actors what to do.

The DNA is the writer, the mRNA is the script, and the ribosomes are the actors translating the instructions from the script into a performance (protein)