Quiz about Exam Review

Question 1

Which curve in the graph best represents a K-selected species?

Accepted Answer

Curve B

Answer

Curve A

Answer

Curve C

Answer

Curve D

Question 2

Dandelions grow quickly and produce many seeds, ensuring that at least some plants will survive and produce seeds themselves. Which curve best represents the survivorship of dandelions?

Accepted Answer

Curve C

Answer

Curve A

Answer

Curve B

Answer

Curve D

Question 3

Certain lizards display a survivorship curve where the chance of survival is independent of age. Which line on the graph best depicts the survivorship of these lizards?

Accepted Answer

Curve A

Answer

Curve B

Answer

Curve C

Answer

Curve D

Question 4

Which location on the world map is known for having the world's largest hydroelectric dam with a generating capacity of 22,500 MW?

Accepted Answer

Location A

Answer

Location B

Answer

Location C

Answer

Location D

Question 5

At which marked location did a 9.0 magnitude earthquake occur, leading to one of the largest nuclear reactor disasters in history?

Accepted Answer

Location B

Answer

Location A

Answer

Location C

Answer

Location D

Question 6

Which location on the map is primarily powered by geothermal energy due to its position on a large divergent boundary?

Accepted Answer

Location C

Answer

Location A

Answer

Location B

Answer

Location D

Question 7

Which type of irrigation is often used by small-scale farming operations and requires extensive labor to set up individual irrigation lines?

Accepted Answer

Drip irrigation

Answer

Flood irrigation

Answer

Furrow irrigation

Answer

Spray irrigation

Question 8

This type of irrigation uses a large system of sprinklers that must be manually moved from field to field and has very large evaporative losses. What is it called?

Accepted Answer

Spray irrigation

Answer

Drip irrigation

Answer

Flood irrigation

Answer

Furrow irrigation

Question 9

Which type of irrigation, often used in orchards growing tree crops, distributes water to plants through small parallel channels between crop rows but often leads to increased soil erosion in the field?

Accepted Answer

Furrow irrigation

Answer

Drip irrigation

Answer

Flood irrigation

Answer

Spray irrigation

Question 10

Which of the following correctly pairs a greenhouse gas with its primary anthropogenic source?

Accepted Answer

Nitrous oxide and agricultural practices

Answer

Methane and vehicular emissions

Answer

Chlorofluorocarbons and fossil fuel combustion

Answer

Carbon dioxide and municipal solid waste from homes

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of using genetically engineered crops over crops that are not genetically modified?

Accepted Answer

Genetically engineered plants can decrease the genetic diversity of the crop.

Answer

Genetically engineered plants require greater use of pesticides.

Answer

Genetically engineered plants require more land to grow on.

Answer

Genetically engineered plants are more likely to spread disease throughout the crop.

Question 12

At which of the following locations in the stream was there most likely a discharge of excess organic matter into the water?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

D

Question 13

By what year does New York aim for 70 percent of its power to be generated from renewable sources?

Accepted Answer

2030

Answer

2023

Answer

2040

Answer

2050

Question 14

What is the goal for solar capacity statewide in New York by 2023?

Accepted Answer

3 gigawatts

Answer

1 gigawatt

Answer

2 gigawatts

Answer

4 gigawatts

Question 15

Which complex in Manhattan completed the installation of the country's largest array of solar panels on an apartment complex?

Accepted Answer

Stuyvesant Town-Peter Cooper Village

Answer

Co-Op City complex

Answer

Bronx complex

Answer

Manhattan Solar Park

Question 16

How did the project at StuyTown affect the borough's solar capacity?

Accepted Answer

It doubled the borough's solar capacity.

Answer

It tripled the borough's solar capacity.

Answer

It increased the borough's solar capacity by 50%.

Answer

It had no significant impact on the borough's solar capacity.

Question 17

As of the article's publication, how does New York's total solar capacity compare to that of Los Angeles?

Accepted Answer

It is less than half.

Answer

It is about the same.

Answer

It is more than double.

Answer

It is slightly more.

Question 18

Based on the article, which of the following best identifies the author's claim?

Accepted Answer

Increased tax breaks and other financial incentives have been an important factor for increasing the number of installations of solar panels on New York City rooftops.

Answer

A decrease in available rooftop space in New York City is pushing the city's solar farms to the Midwest.

Answer

Efforts to install solar panels on New York City rooftops should be discontinued because insufficient solar energy is produced.

Answer

Current projects for installing solar panels on rooftops of apartment buildings in New York City need to be reconsidered because of criticism from apartment residents.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the author's perspective on the use of solar energy in New York City?

Accepted Answer

New York City is behind other major cities in its use of solar energy in electricity generation and should continue efforts to increase its solar capacity.

Answer

The high cost associated with the installation and maintenance of solar panels is barely offset by citywide savings in electricity generation.

Answer

Since New York City has risen to the position of sixth highest American city for total solar capacity, officials should temporarily limit more solar installations to minimize costs to residents.

Answer

City officials should invest in energy alternatives other than solar power because New New York City has some of the highest electricity costs in America.

Question 20

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support the claim that the solar panel installation on the StuyTown complex is the largest in Manhattan?

Accepted Answer

The installation added 9,000 solar panels to 56 rooftops, effectively doubling the total solar capacity of the surrounding area.

Answer

The StuyTown project increased the solar capacity of the city to 3.9 megawatts.

Answer

New York City now has around 200 megawatts more in total solar capacity than Los Angeles does.

Answer

After completion of the StuyTown project, the state attributed 70% of its power generation to solar energy.

Question 21

Currently, the rooftop solar panels produce only a fraction of the electricity used in the buildings on which they are installed. Which of the following strategies would best combat the problem of insufficient electricity generation from the rooftop solar panels?

Accepted Answer

Installing active solar energy systems on all available, unshaded rooftop space and positioning them to face south

Answer

Installing passive solar energy systems on all available, unshaded rooftop space and positioning them to face south

Answer

Installing active solar energy systems on all available, active solar energy systems and positioning them to face northeast

Answer

Installing passive solar energy systems on all available, shaded rooftop space and positioning them to face northeast

Question 22

Based on the diagram, this country is likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Declining population growth

Answer

Rapid population growth

Answer

Slow population growth

Answer

No net change in population growth

Question 23

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

The total number of different plant species

Answer

The total number of individuals of a single animal species

Answer

The density of individuals in a hectare

Answer

The soil depth at which burrowing insects are located

Question 24

Which of the following is the most abundant gas by volume in the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

N2

Answer

CO2

Answer

CH4

Answer

O2

Question 25

Which of the following best describes a natural process that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide is released from the interior of Earth during volcanic eruptions.

Answer

Plants excrete carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.

Answer

Deposition of sediments into ocean basins release carbon dioxide from rock.

Answer

Burial of dead plants and animals in swamps and bogs allows carbon dioxide to escape to the atmosphere.

Question 26

An ecologist examining several different ponds discovers that in one pond all the frogs are female. Which of the following most likely led to the all-female population of frogs?

Accepted Answer

An endocrine disruptor

Answer

A carcinogen

Answer

Nitrogen fertilizers

Answer

Heavy metals

Question 27

Which of the following correctly identifies the type of habitat change(s) shown within each potential scenario in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

All scenarios experienced habitat loss, but only Scenario 3 experienced habitat fragmentation.

Answer

Scenario 1 experienced habitat fragmentation, while Scenarios 2 and 3 experienced habitat loss only.

Answer

Scenarios 1 and 2 experienced habitat loss, while Scenarios 3 experienced habitat fragmentation only.

Answer

All scenarios experienced habitat fragmentation, but only Scenario 2 experienced habitat loss.

Question 28

Which of the following would be most likely to occur in the scenarios that have experienced habitat loss and/or fragmentation in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in the number of specialist species

Answer

Increase in territory size of large mammals

Answer

Increase in genetic diversity of native species

Answer

Decrease in the abundance of invasive species

Question 29

Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for the changes shown in Scenario 3?

Accepted Answer

Roads and electric power lines subdivided the landscape into smaller pieces and decreased the amount of available habitat.

Answer

Native species were replanted in the areas, which led to fewer niches.

Answer

The increased edge-to-interior ratio resulted in habitat fragmentation and the formation of smaller, more manageable parcels of land.

Answer

Habitat corridors were built to allow individuals between populations to mate, which helped to prevent inbreeding and reduce the genetic diversity often found in isolated populations.

Question 30

Which of the following is a possible effect of global climate change as illustrated in Scenario 1?

Accepted Answer

Increased sea level would reduce the size of the habitat patches.

Answer

Increased carbon dioxide availability spurs plant growth, which would increase habitat size.

Answer

Decreased temperatures would cause unsuitable abiotic conditions.

Answer

Decreased precipitation would eliminate habitat patches.

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the frog species' range of tolerance to acidic conditions?

Accepted Answer

The frogs can tolerate a pH between 4.5 and 6.

Answer

The frogs can tolerate any pH greater than 6.

Answer

The frogs can tolerate a pH between 3.5 and 5.

Answer

The frogs can tolerate any pH less than 4.

Question 32

Which of the following best describes a supporting ecological service provided by wetlands?

Accepted Answer

Wetlands serve as a major reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle.

Answer

Wetlands serve as a source of aesthetic inspiration for art and literature.

Answer

Wetlands provide opportunities for ecotourism, which provides revenue to the local economy.

Answer

Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms.

Question 33

In which of the following atmospheric layers does most weather occur?

Accepted Answer

Troposphere

Answer

Stratosphere

Answer

Mesosphere

Answer

Thermosphere

Question 34

Buildings designed to partially heat rooms by passive solar heating rely on

Accepted Answer

materials that absorb and store solar energy to warm the room

Answer

solar cells to generate electricity to power a heater in the room

Answer

solar collectors to warm water that is pumped into the room

Answer

warm water pumped from underground to warm the room

Question 35

Based upon the data presented in the graph, which of the following best identifies the highest wolf population size?

Accepted Answer

190

Answer

20

Answer

120

Answer

170

Question 36

Which of the following best describes the change in the elk population since the introduction of wolves into Yellowstone in 1995?

Accepted Answer

The elk population steadily decreased in numbers.

Answer

The elk population steadily increased in numbers.

Answer

The elk population remained stable, experiencing little changes.

Answer

The elk population reached carrying capacity and experienced overshoot.

Question 37

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone?

Accepted Answer

Wolves leaving the park may prey on livestock in grazing land outside the park.

Answer

The wolves are causing a trophic cascade that could further increase the number of beavers and tree species such as willows and aspens.

Answer

Wolves are extremely fast breeders and may become an invasive species if they get outside the park.

Answer

The ecosystem could collapse because wolves were never in Yellowstone before 1995.

Question 38

Based on the diagrams above, what is the percent change in the amount of runoff in urban areas compared to forested areas?

Accepted Answer

150% increase

Answer

81% decrease

Answer

60% decrease

Answer

450% increase

Question 39

Based on the diagrams above, which of the following best explains how urban runoff could be decreased?

Accepted Answer

Replace traditional pavement with more porous pavement to increase ground infiltration.

Answer

Decrease the number of trees in urban areas to increase ground infiltration.

Answer

Increase the number of trees to decrease the amount of evapotranspiration.

Answer

Replace more porous pavement with traditional pavement to decrease the amount of evapotranspiration.

Question 40

Which of the following processes shown in the diagram leads to precipitation?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation rate

Answer

Runoff rate

Answer

Surface infiltration rate

Answer

Deep infiltration rate

Question 41

Which of the following best describes the spotted lanternfly in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The spotted lanternfly is an r-selected and invasive species.

Answer

The spotted lanternfly is a K-selected and invasive species.

Answer

The spotted lanternfly is a K-selected and endangered species.

Answer

The spotted lanternfly is an r-selected and endangered species.

Question 42

Which of the following best describes the energy resource used most often for heating and cooking in less developed countries?

Accepted Answer

Biomass is the predominant fuel source because it is easily obtained locally.

Answer

Bituminous coal is primarily used because of its relative abundance and high moisture content.

Answer

Cogeneration from fuel oil systems is primarily used because it has low up-front costs.

Answer

Natural gas is the most prevalent fuel source because it is readily available and produces few air pollutants.

Question 43

Which of the following is the best method for preventing soil erosion in an agricultural area?

Accepted Answer

Terrace farming

Answer

Slash-and-burn agriculture

Answer

Integrated pest management

Answer

Monocrop farming

Question 44

Using the data from the table, which of the following is the growth rate for China in 2019?

Accepted Answer

0.49%

Answer

0.38%

Answer

0.60%

Answer

0.68%

Question 45

Earth currently rotates on an axis at an angle of 23.5 degrees. If that axis changed to 20 degrees, so that the axis was closer to vertical, which of the following would be expected to occur?

Accepted Answer

Earth would experience a change in seasonal timing and length.

Answer

The number of days in a year would be reduced.

Answer

Earth would experience increased volcanic activity.

Answer

The amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun would increase.

Question 46

Which of the following accurately describes a benefit of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)?

Accepted Answer

Concentrated animal feeding operations are efficient and relatively low-cost facilities that help keep consumer costs low.

Answer

Concentrated animal feeding operations produce a large amount of manure, which is then often held in large manure lagoons.

Answer

The animals raised in concentrated animal feeding operations are usually grass-fed and therefore less susceptible to disease.

Answer

When animals are kept in large concentrations in a small area, the water quality of local waterways is protected from excess runoff.

Question 47

In addition to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which of the following components must be present in the atmosphere to create photochemical smog?

Accepted Answer

NOx and particulates

Answer

Particulates and UV light

Answer

NOx and UV light

Answer

UV light and CO2

Question 48

Which of the following best identifies and describes the process that is illustrated in the diagram above?

Accepted Answer

Primary succession, because the process in the diagram begins with bare rock

Answer

Primary succession, because the result is a mature forest with a variety of shade-intolerant shrubs and grasses

Answer

Secondary succession, because intermediate plant species like grasses and weeds are present

Answer

Secondary succession, because the result is a mature forest with a variety of shade-tolerant trees

Question 49

Based on the diagram above, in which stage are most species present considered pioneer species?

Accepted Answer

I

Answer

II

Answer

III

Answer

IV

Question 50

Which of the following best describes the role of moss in the transition to stage III of the process?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down rock and adds organic nutrients to the soil

Answer

It serves as a soil seed bank in the leaf litter

Answer

It provides shade and reduces surface temperatures

Answer

It provides habitat for birds and mammals

Question 51

This biome has hot summers, cold winters, diverse grasses, trees, and shrubs, and is common in central US.

Accepted Answer

temperate grassland

Answer

savanna

Answer

temperate forest

Answer

tundra

Question 52

Which of the following has the highest albedo?

Accepted Answer

snow

Answer

soil

Answer

water

Answer

pavement

Question 53

Which is the correct order of the convection cells starting from the equator?

Accepted Answer

hadley, ferrell, polar

Answer

polar, ferrell, hadley

Answer

ferrell, hadley, polar

Answer

polar, hadley, ferrell

Question 54

Ocean acidification begins with

Accepted Answer

carbon dioxide released from combustion

Answer

pollution from ships

Answer

dumping of waste from cities into the ocean

Question 55

Which product of incomplete combustion gives photochemical smog its yellowish color?

Accepted Answer

Nitrous oxide

Answer

PANs

Answer

Ozone

Answer

VOCs

Question 56

Ozone and acid rain are both pollutants formed through reactions in the atmosphere. This makes them

Accepted Answer

secondary air pollutants

Answer

primary air pollutants

Answer

atmospheric transport

Answer

atmospheric deposition

Question 57

Smog or ground ozone forms in the troposphere. Which pollutants are most responsible for photochemical smog or ground ozone?

Accepted Answer

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides

Answer

sulfur and particulate matter

Answer

carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide

Answer

none of these answers are correct

Question 58

Tha...............contains the most nutrients in the form of humus.

Accepted Answer

Topsoil -Horizon A

Answer

Subsoil -Horizon B

Answer

Parent Rock-Horizon C

Answer

Bedrock

Question 59

Below horizon C lies unweathered, solid rocks

Accepted Answer

Bedrock

Answer

Topsoil -Horizon A

Answer

Subsoil -Horizon B

Answer

Parent Rock-Horizon C

Question 60

Exposure to too much radon gas can cause

Accepted Answer

lung cancer

Answer

sun burn

Answer

blindness

Answer

acne

Question 61

One of the disadvantages of using the fossil fuel oil ________.

Accepted Answer

Impact on the environment from oil spills

Answer

Clean energy that does not impact the atmosphere with greenhouse gases

Answer

Abundant supply that replenishes itself

Question 62

Which of the following 2 use PASSIVE solar energy?

Accepted Answer

solar oven

Accepted Answer

south-facing room with windows

Answer

solar panels

Answer

photovoltaic cells

Question 63

What is the half-life of Iodine 131?

Accepted Answer

8 days

Answer

32 days

Answer

24 days

Answer

16 days

Question 64

Most of the developing countries in the world depend on _______ for their main source of energy.

Accepted Answer

biomass (including wood, manure, etc)

Answer

renewable sources

Answer

nuclear

Answer

coal

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