16.2 - Cell Structure(30pts.)

Which of the following organelles do ALL cells have (prokaryotes AND eukaryotes)? Select all that apply.

• DNA

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

• nucleus

• cell membrane

Answer explanation

All cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, have DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and cell membrane as organelles.

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Select two differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

• Eukaryotes have DNA and Prokaryotes don't

• Eukaryotes have a nucleus and Prokaryotes don't

• Eukaryotes have a cell membrane and Prokaryotes don't

• Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound organelles and Prokaryotes don't

Answer explanation

Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these structures.

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​ (a)   are simple cells that can only from ​unicellular organisms. They include ​ (b)   and archaea. ​ (c)   are complex cells that can form unicellular or multicellular ​organisms. They include plants, fungi, ​ (d)   , and protists.

• Prokaryotes

• Eukaryotes

• bacteria

• plants

• animals

Answer explanation

The correct choices are Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, bacteria, and animals. Prokaryotes are simple cells found in unicellular organisms, while Eukaryotes are complex cells found in both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

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Match the following organelles to their functions.

• cytoplasm

• controls what goes in/out of the cell, surrounds the cell

• nucleus

• powerhouse of the cell, converts food energy to cellular energy

• cell membrane

• make protein for the cell

• mitochondria

• control center of the cell, contains DNA

• ribosomes

• jelly-fluid that fills up the cell and surrounds the organelles

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Which of the following is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

• The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms.

• All living things are made of one or more cells.

• All cells come from other pre-existing cells.

• All cells contain a nucleus with DNA.

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'All cells contain a nucleus with DNA.' This statement is NOT part of the modern cell theory, as not all cells have a nucleus with DNA (e.g., prokaryotic cells).

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Select two organelles that plant cells have that animal cells do not.

• flagellum

• cell wall

• chloroplasts

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

Answer explanation

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, which are organelles that animal cells do not possess.

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Match the following organelles to their function.

• vacuoles

• use sunlight energy to form glucose (food) for plant cells

• endoplasmic reticulum

• helps provide support, structure, and movement for the cell

• cytoskeleton

• collect and discard waste from the cell

• lysosomes

• packages and transports proteins inside the cell

• chloroplasts

• storage center of the cell

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What type of cells are humans made of?

• eukaryotic

• prokaryotic

• unicellular

• archaea

• protists

Answer explanation

Humans are made of eukaryotic cells, which are characterized by having a nucleus enclosed within a membrane.

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What molecule is pictured?

• Integral Protein

• Carbohydrate chain

• Phospholipid

Answer explanation

The correct molecule pictured is a Phospholipid, as it consists of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, which is a characteristic of phospholipids.

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The Cell Theory:

1. 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more ​ (a)   . (Unicellular or Multicellular)

2. 2. All cells arise from ​ (b)   cells. (Not from Spontaneous Generation)

3. 3. Cells are the structural and functional unit of ​ (c)   . (Nothing living smaller than a Cell)

• cells

• preexisting

• life

Answer explanation

The correct answers are 'cells', 'preexisting', and 'life' as per the Cell Theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells arise from preexisting cells, and cells are the structural and functional unit of life.

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