Stars and Stellar Evolution

What property of stars does the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R diagram) compare based on?

• mass and distance

• distance only

• temperature and luminosity

• temperature only

What is the term for the diagonal band on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

• Main sequence
• brightness

• luminosity

• dark matter

What is the term for a log-scale measure of the apparent brightness of a star as seen from a specific location?

• absolute magnitude (M)

• apparent magnitude (m)

• luminosity

• parsec

As giant stars fuse heavier elements through nuclear fusion, which quantity is conserved?

• protons

• neutrons

• protons and neutrons

• protons and electrons

What is the mathematical expression for luminosity?

• L=4πd^2d
• M= m+87.447-2.5log₁₀d²

• m= -18.8-2.512log₁₀b

• none of the above

How is a stellar nursery defined in relation to a nearby supernova explosion?

• the diagonal band defined by the location of the stars

• the unexpeted fast orbits of the outer stars

• A region of molecular clouds triggered by a nearby supernova explosion.

• none of the above

What is the name of the process that is described by the equation 8Be+4He → 12C+energy?

• alpha ladder

• p process

• Triple alpha process

• rp process

List the correct order of the sun's evolutionary path from the earliest stage to the latest stage?

• Main sequence; Protostar; Planetary nebula; Supergiant; White dwarf

• Protostar; Main sequence; Supergiant; White dwarf; Planetary nebula;

• Protostar; Main sequence; Supergiant; Planetary nebula; White dwarf

• White dwarf; Protostar; Main sequence; Supergiant; Planetary nebula;

What are the fast processes undergone by larger stars known as?

• explosive nucleosynthesis

• triple alpha process

• alpha ladder

• none of them

Which process occurs when part of a star is pulled onto a neutron star and explodes?

• rp-process
• s process

• p process

• carbon detonation