12.2 Vocabulary

What is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis called?

• Replication

• Mutation

• Translation

• Transcription

Which of the following is a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid?

• Codon

• Genome

• Polypeptide

• Anticodon

What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

• Ionic bond

• Hydrogen bond

• Covalent bond

• Peptide bond

What is the smallest unit that can live on its own and makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body?

• Tissue

• Molecule

• Atom

• Cell

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

• Catalyze the replication of DNA

• Facilitate the movement of substances across the cell membrane

• Bind DNA and RNA to synthesize fats

• Bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins

What is a peptide bond?

• A bond formed between two sugar molecules

• A bond formed between two nucleotides

• A bond formed between two fatty acids

• A bond formed between the carboxyl group of one molecule and the amino group of another molecule

What does the genetic code refer to?

• The sequence of sugars in a DNA molecule

• The pattern of nucleotides in a RNA molecule

• The sequence of amino acids in a protein

• The instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid

• A type of protein structure

• A type of RNA molecule

• A type of lipid molecule

What is the process of creating an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence?

• Translation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Mutation

What is the process of converting mRNA to amino acids during protein synthesis called?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Mutation