Cycle 4 Test Review

Hydrostatic pressure increases as fluid depth increases because:

• As depth increases the weight of the fluid above increases

• It decreases with the increase of fluid density

• It is independent of the gravitational force

• It only depends on the surface area of the fluid

Describe how salinity and density of water are connected and how this affects buoyancy.

• Higher salinity increases water density, which can increase buoyancy for objects.

• Higher salinity decreases water density, reducing buoyancy for objects.

• Salinity has no effect on water density or buoyancy.

• Higher salinity increases water density, which decreases buoyancy for objects.

Define buoyancy and explain how buoyant force compares to gravitational force for objects that sink into a fluid and objects that float on a fluid.

• Buoyant force is always higher than gravitational force.

• Gravitational force is higher for objects that sink, and buoyant force is equal to gravitational force for objects that float.

• Buoyant force is only relevant for objects that float.

• Gravitational force is always equal to buoyant force.

Explain why a large metal ship is able to float on water when a smaller ball of metal with the same mass will sink.

• Because of the shape and distribution of its mass, a ship displaces more water than a ball, leading to greater buoyant force.

• The metal used in ships is lighter than the metal in balls.

• Ships are coated with a special material that makes them float.

• Water density is higher around ships than around metal balls.

What are ocean currents?

• Movements of seawater caused by various factors including wind, salinity, and the Earth's rotation

• Large bodies of still water in the ocean

• Waves that break on the shore

• The rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What are factors that drive ocean currents?

• Temperature and salinity gradients

• Wind patterns

• Earth's rotation

• All of the above

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Explain the role ocean currents play in regulating Earth's climate.

• They distribute heat from the equator to other parts of the world, affecting climate patterns.

• They have no significant effect on Earth's climate.

• They primarily affect the climate by transporting cold water to the equator.

• They influence Earth's climate by changing the composition of the atmosphere.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Explain the difference between surface currents and deep-water currents? What drives them?

• Surface currents are driven by wind, while deep-water currents are driven by density differences caused by temperature and salinity variations.

• Both surface and deep-water currents are primarily driven by the moon's gravitational pull.

• Surface currents affect only the ocean's surface, while deep-water currents do not exist.

• Deep-water currents are caused by wind, while surface currents are driven by the Earth's rotation.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What are the effects of warm currents compared to cold currents on the climate of the surrounding areas?

• Warm currents bring warmer temperatures and more rainfall, while cold currents can lead to cooler temperatures and less precipitation.

• Warm currents decrease rainfall and increase temperatures, while cold currents increase snowfall.

• Warm currents cause extreme weather events, while cold currents stabilize the climate.

• There is no significant difference in the effects of warm and cold currents on climate.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

How do geographical features like ocean basins, continental shelves, and mid-ocean ridges affect the flow of ocean currents?

• By altering water temperature and salinity, thus affecting density and flow patterns

• They have no significant effect on ocean currents

• By providing habitats that increase marine life, indirectly affecting currents

• By shaping the physical pathways, creating barriers and channels that direct the flow of currents

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4