An astronomer discovers a new star and wants to measure its temperature. She would typically do this by:

making a blackbody curve and finding the wavelength of the peak (maximum)

measuring the intensity of radio waves the star gives off

measuring how much light the star reflects

sending a graduate student with a very long (and durable) thermometer to the star's vicinity

measuring the Doppler shift of its spectral lines

Wien's Law relates the wavelength at which a star gives off the greatest amount of energy to the star's

motion toward us or away from us

Why is an absorption spectrum especially useful for astronomers?

It has dark lines in it that allow astronomers to determine what elements are in the star

It helped astronomers to understand the rainbows we see on Earth after storms

An absorption spectrum is not useful to astronomers at all. When they see one, it means they cannot learn anything about the stars that produced the annoying absorption.

It has bright lines in it which allow astronomers to determine how bright the star is

It shows that the stars are transparent; we can see right through them

Why do different types of atoms (elements) give off or absorb different spectral lines?

because the spacing of the energy levels is different in different atoms

all elements have the same lines, but they are Doppler shifted by different amounts

because some atoms do not have a ground state, while others have three or four

in some elements, electrons can only move to odd numbered levels, in others only to even numbered ones

in heavier elements, diffraction spreads out the lines that the atom produces, making the colors different

What happens as an electron falls from a higher level to a lower level in an atom?

another electron form the lower level takes its place

the color of the wave involved shifts to the red

nothing happens; electrons can only go from a lower level to a higher level

We observe a glowing cloud of gas in space with a spectroscope. We note that many of the familiar lines of hydrogen that we know on Earth seem to be in a different place. They are shifted toward the blue or violet end of the spectrum compared to their positions in the spectrum of glowing hydrogen gas on Earth. From this we can conclude that:

the cloud is much hotter than hydrogen on Earth

the cloud is moving away from us

the cloud is much cooler than hydrogen on Earth

none of these can be concluded from this observation

Astronomical observatories have been available since ancient times, and many cultures set aside special sites for astronomical observations. The thing modern observatories have that was missing from these older observatories until about 1610 was:

assistants for sharing the astronomer's work

a method of keeping good records

a dark site where light did not get in the way

The most important function of an astronomical telescope is to:

collect as much light as possible and bring it to a focus

pierce through the clouds so a cloudy night is not wasted

bring distant objects closer by pulling on the light

magnify (enlarge) celestial objects so we can see them clearly

enhance the violet colors of an object, which our eyes have trouble seeing

When a knowledgeable amateur astronomer tells you that she has a 14-inch telescope, what does the number 14 refer to?

the diameter of the primary lens or mirror

the number of times the image is magnified

the length of the telescope tube

the length of the eyepiece tube

A new technique called adaptive optics allows astronomers to:

compensate for changes in the Earth's atmosphere and achieve better resolution

change the eyepieces of their telescopes much more quickly than ever before

use the observatory shop to make better eye-glasses for their graduate students

change the region of the electro-magnetic spectrum in which their telescope is able to detect radiation

increase the aperture of their telescopes by connecting several telescopes

At the largest and most modern astronomical observatories on Earth today, which of the following regularly happens to the image formed by the telescope?

it is recorded using an electronic detector called a CCD for later analysis

it is viewed by a group of graduate students who then make a sketch of it to have a permanent record

it is sent to the FBI so they can check for evidence of nefarious deeds

it is recorded on a piece of black & white film, which is then developed in a bath of chemicals

it is reflected by a special arrangement of mirrors back into the beam and up into the sky

The two regions of the electromagnetic spectrum where the Earth's atmosphere is transparent (radiation can get in) are visible light and:

you can't fool me, the atmosphere is transparent ONLY for visible light

What was the major problem with the Hubble Space Telescope when it was first launched into orbit?

the mirror's shape was slightly wrong, so all the light did not come to a single focus

the mirror cover was stuck in the “partly on” position, making part of the mirror not usable

its spectroscope broke during the launch

it was in the wrong orbit, so it dipped down into the Earth's thicker atmosphere regularly

its antenna wouldn't open, so the data could not be sent back to Earth

Why do astronomers prefer to put infrared telescopes on high-flying airplanes or on satellites in space?

because the water vapor in the lower atmosphere is very good at absorbing infrared

because high up the Sun's energy can be used to heat the infrared telescope

because no infrared radiation can exist anywhere near the Earth's surface

because that way they are significantly closer to the objects they observe

You can't fool me, all infrared telescopes are located on the Earth's surface

Which of these is a distinguishing characteristic of the James Webb telescope?

it has the largest mirror ever put into space for observing faint objects

it is about the same size and design as the Hubble Space Telescope, which is wearing out

it allows us to take pictures with the same resolution as a radio dish

it is in low Earth orbit, and thus easy for astronauts to repair

it can observe gamma-rays from the most energetic events in the universe

The Chandra Observatory orbiting the Earth is designed to

examine sources of cosmic x-rays

spy on countries in Asia, such as India, China, and Pakistan

replace the Hubble Space Telescope, with a much larger mirror for collecting visible light

search for rapidly changing radio signals

search for infra-red waves from stars that are in the process of being born

The SOFIA Project was

an airplane with an infra-red telescope on board designed to fly above much of the water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere

an x-ray telescope flying many kilometers up (so high that it had to be automated)

a NASA aircraft used only by Hollywood movie-makers to teach what it's like in free fall

a balloon designed to fly above the ozone layer and search for ultraviolet radiation from space

a small Lear jet with an 8-inch visible-light telescope on board, designed to search for lost NASA spacecraft

As astronomers have learned more about the structure of the Sun, they have found that it

is made of billions of individual pieces of hot rock, all orbiting around each other in a whirling arrangement

is made entirely of liquid, with a tiny bit of hot gas on the outside

is solid throughout, but with a large very hot atmosphere

The Sun's photosphere is

the part of the Sun from which the light comes that we see when we look at the Sun with our eyes

the outermost layers of the Sun’s atmosphere

the central region where the energy of the Sun originates

the first region you would come to when leaving the core

The Sun's chromosphere and corona were discovered

during total eclipses of the Sun

in the late 19th century through the use of a spectrograph

using spacecraft that orbited Venus, a planet with a better view of the Sun

using the first telescopes Galileo built

by ancient shepherds, who saw reflections of the Sun in quiet pools of water

What mechanisms do astronomers believe is responsible for making the Sun's outer atmosphere so much hotter than its photosphere?

The Sun's magnetic field interacting with the charged particles that make up the atmosphere

the ionization of a new element called coronium

stirring by comets, meteors, and other pieces of solid material being pulled in by the Sun's strong gravity

light reflected back from the terrestrial planets

astronomers really don't have even a guess about what heats the Sun's outermost layers

Solar wind particles can be captured by the Earth's magnetosphere. When these particles spiral down along the magnetic field into the atmosphere, they are responsible for:

aurorae (northern and southern lights)

tropical storms (regions of rapidly rotating air)

the reddish color we see during sunsets

the poor quality of television programming in the world's northern hemisphere

The granulation pattern that astronomers have observed on the surface of the Sun tells us that:

hot material must be rising from the Sun's hotter interior

the solar wind must consist of very small (low-mass) particles

the Sun's surface is made of a thin solid that cracks easily

the Sun accumulates a lot of dirt and dust because of its large gravity

the Sun is a lot cooler on the inside than on the outside

Sunspots are darker than the regions of the Sun around them because

they are cooler than the material around them (although still very hot compared to Earth temperatures)

they are located in the corona and not on the photosphere

they consist of different elements than the rest of the Sun

they move much faster around the Sun than other material and thus heat up

they are the shadows of the planets and asteroids seen on the bright surface of the Sun

What is the best reason astronomers have come up with to explain why sunspots are cooler and look darker?

Sunspots are places where the strong magnetic fields in the Sun resist the upward motion of bubbling hot gases from underneath

Sunspots are regions in the upper chromosphere where there is a lot of coronium, which absorbs light

Sunspots are so mysterious and difficult to explain, astronomers really don’t have idea what causes them

Sunspots are regions where carbon clouds high above the photosphere gather and these dark clouds block the light from underneath them

Sunspots are holes (less dense regions) in the Sun’s photosphere, through which we can see the darker regions of the Sun below

Recently, some engineers and scientists have proposed building spaceships with enormous "sails" that catch the solar wind and use it to move the ship. What kinds of particles would be hitting this sail (i.e., what is the solar wind mostly made of):

scientists do not have any idea of the composition of the solar wind; it is very mysterious

nuclei of heavier atoms such as iron and nickel

Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun have many serious effects on or near the Earth. Which of the following is NOT one of these effects?

causing huge cyclones around the equator of the Earth

exposing astronauts and airplane passengers to increased amounts of radiation

heating the ionosphere and thus expanding the extent of our planet’s atmosphere

causing power surges and power outages in parts of the Earth near the poles

disrupting the electronics of satellites

Physicists Kelvin and Helmholtz in the 19th Century proposed gravitational contraction as a possible explanation for:

the length of the astronomical unit

Today we realize that the source of energy for the Sun is a process called

mechanical to thermal energy conversion

According to the formula E=mc2

a little bit of mass can be converted into a substantial amount of energy

energy can travel much faster than light (in fact its speed can be the speed of light squared)

when two masses collide, we always get a lot of light

mass has to travel at the speed of light before it can produce any energy

Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental particles that we typically find inside atoms?

actually, all of these are typically found inside atoms

In the Sun, when a positron and an electron collide, they will produce:

energy in the form of a gamma ray

ASTRO 1010 Final

Authored by Sarah Kim

Science

University

NGSS covered

Used 6+ times

AI Actions

Add similar questions

Adjust reading levels

Convert to real-world scenario

Translate activity

More...

Content View

Student View

150 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following statements about electromagnetic radiation is FALSE?

different waves of electromagnetic radiation differ in their wavelength or frequency

it is typically produced when charged particles oscillate

it always spreads out at the speed of light

it is given off by all objects that are not at a temperature of absolute zero

the radiation consists of tiny charged particles given off by the nuclei of atoms

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-3

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How fast do electromagnetic waves travel?

at the speed of sound

at different speeds, depending on the temperature of the atoms that produce them

they always have zero speed

at the speed of charge

at the speed of light

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

This chapter discusses that light sometimes acts like a photon. What is a photon?

a self-contained “packet” of electro-magnetic energy

a kind of magnetic substance found in reflective minerals

you can’t fool me. Einstein showed that photons were a mistake – they don’t exist.

a kind of sound that is too high frequency for the human ear to hear

a charged particle in the nucleus of every atom

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-3

NGSS.HS-PS4-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In the future, several students living on board a space station decide to have a race among different types of electromagnetic radiation. Which of the following travels through space the fastest? (consider space as a perfect vacuum)

x-rays

you can't fool me, all of these travel through space at the same speed

radio waves

infrared

visible light

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

ultraviolet waves

x-rays

radio waves

visible light waves

you can't fool me, all these have the same wavelength

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the chief factor that determines what type of electromagnetic radiation objects give off?

size

temperature

distance from the Earth's core

mass

composition

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following has the greatest average energy of random atomic and molecular motion?

a cube of ice

a cube of steam

a cube of the Sun

a cube of air (on Earth)

a cube of water

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Create resources

Host any resource

Get auto-graded reports

Continue with Google

Continue with Email

Continue with Classlink

Continue with Clever

or continue with

Microsoft

Apple

Others

Already have an account?

Similar Resources on Wayground

149 questions

VIERNES 22 DE AGOSTO

Quiz

•

University

148 questions

Kiến thức về mạng máy tính

Quiz

•

University

150 questions

ĐẠI CƯƠNG PPNCKH

Quiz

•

University

155 questions

Fisika

Quiz

•

University

Popular Resources on Wayground

7 questions

History of Valentine's Day

Interactive video

•

4th Grade

15 questions

Fractions on a Number Line

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

20 questions

Equivalent Fractions

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

25 questions

Multiplication Facts

Quiz

•

5th Grade

$fractions$

22 questions

fractions

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

15 questions

Valentine's Day Trivia

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

20 questions

Main Idea and Details

Quiz

•

5th Grade

20 questions

Context Clues

Quiz

•

6th Grade

Discover more resources for Science

12 questions

Recitation Week 3

Quiz

•

University