Which of the following is NOT an immediate control mechanism of blood pressure?

Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) vasoconstriction mechanism

Baroreceptor Feedback Mechanism

Central Nervous System Ischemic Mechanism

Chemoreceptor Mechanism (CNS pCO2 and pH sensors)

List the consequences of activation of immediate control mechanisms of blood pressure.

- Constriction of the veins and transfer of blood into the heart - Increased heart rate and contractility of the heart to provide greater pumping capability by the heart - Constriction of peripheral arterioles (not coronary or pulmonary)

- Dilation of the veins and reduction of blood flow to the heart - Decreased heart rate and contractility of the heart - Dilation of peripheral arterioles (not coronary or pulmonary)

- Increased urine output and decreased blood volume - Suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity - Relaxation of the heart muscle

- Inhibition of renin-angiotensin system - Decreased aldosterone secretion - Lowered blood glucose levels

Which of the following is a sub-acute control mechanism of blood pressure?

Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) vasoconstriction mechanism

Baroreceptor Feedback Mechanism

Central Nervous System Ischemic Mechanism

What is the function of the shift of fluid through the tissue capillary walls in sub-acute control mechanisms?

To increase oxygen saturation in tissues.

To enhance nerve signal transmission.

To promote red blood cell production.

Which of the following is NOT a function of ADH in chronic control mechanisms?

Prevents excessive urine production

Allows body to control amount of fluid retention

The key determinants of blood pressure are:

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Lung capacity and oxygen saturation

Body temperature and metabolic rate

What is the formula for Cardiac Output (CO)?

CO = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

CO = Blood Pressure x Stroke Volume

CO = Heart Rate / Blood Pressure

CO = Stroke Volume - Heart Rate

What two main factors does Stroke Volume depend on?

Contractility and Venous Return

Oxygen Saturation and Temperature

Respiratory Rate and Blood Volume

How is blood volume regulated in the body?

By the kidneys based on sodium and water retention, controlled by the renin-angiotensin system (via aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, ADH) and natriuretic peptides.

By the liver through bile secretion and glucose metabolism.

By the lungs through oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

By the pancreas through insulin and glucagon secretion.

What is the definition of Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR or SVR)?

The resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries.

The volume of blood returned to the heart.

What is the main determinant of Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)?

Vasoconstriction vs. Vasodilation

Match the following terms to their correct descriptions:

How well the heart muscle contracts, influenced by the sympathetic nervous system

Depends on blood volume and venous tone

Vasoconstrictors like angiotensin and norepinephrine

Sympathetic nervous system activation via alpha-1 and beta-2 receptors

The role of salt and water balance in the regulation of mean arterial blood pressure is:

To maintain blood volume and thus influence blood pressure

To increase heart rate directly

To decrease oxygen delivery to tissues

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?

Decreases total peripheral resistance

Which hormones are released due to Angiotensin II to increase blood volume?

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The expanded blood volume increases venous return, which in turn boosts ________ and ________.

stroke volume and cardiac output

respiratory rate and tidal volume

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by both increasing total peripheral resistance (vasoconstriction) and ________.

cardiac output (via increased blood volume and stroke volume)

inhibiting sympathetic activity

What is the function of the baroreceptor feedback mechanism?

Maintains stable blood pressure through a neural-based negative feedback loop

The result of increased blood pressure is a decrease in heart rate and contractility (↓ SV) leading to:

Decreased cardiac output and vasodilation

Increased cardiac output and vasoconstriction

Increased cardiac output and vasodilation

Decreased cardiac output and vasoconstriction

Cardio week 3 part 1 from stormi

Authored by Arielle Brooks

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Where is the highest pressure found in the circulation?

Veins

Aorta

Arterioles

Capillaries

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Where does the biggest pressure drop occur in the circulation?

Aorta

Veins

Arterioles and capillaries

Pulmonary arteries

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Where is the lowest pressure found in the circulation?

Aorta

Veins

Arterioles

Capillaries

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Fill in the blank: In systemic circulation, pressures are much _______.

higher

lower

equal

variable

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Fill in the blank: In pulmonary circulation, pressures are much _______.

lower

higher

equal

unstable

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is wide pulse pressure associated with?

Aortic regurgitation

Hyperthyroidism

Isolated systolic hypertension

All of the above

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Narrow pulse pressure is associated with which of the following conditions?

Reduced ejection fraction

Hyperthyroidism

Isolated systolic hypertension

Large artery stiffness

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