Unit 5 RETAKE studyguide

During a science fair, Evelyn demonstrates a volcano model. What is the source of the magma that erupts from her model volcano?

• the outer core

• the inner core

• the mantle

• Earth's oceans

During a geography lesson, Emma explains to Maya and Michael that the Earth's mantle behaves in a specific way. Which of the following is true regarding the Earth's mantle, as per Emma's explanation?

• It is made mostly of liquid metal that allows it to flow.

• Its material moves due to convection currents.

• It is the densest of all of Earth's layers.

• It is the hottest of all of Earth's layers.

During a geography lesson, Oliver asked, 'Which layer of Earth is thought to be entirely liquid?'

• the crust

• the mantle

• the inner core

• the outer core

During a geography lesson, Samuel shows an image of Earth's layers to Luna and Zoe. He points to region B and asks, 'What is the name of this layer?'

• crust

• mantle

• lithosphere

• hydrosphere

During a geography class, Samuel explains what happens when the Earth's plates move towards each other. What is this process called?

• Plates spread apart from each other.

• Plates collide with each other.

• Plates slide past each other.

• Plates do not move.

Mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and trenches are thought to

• reverse roles in the Southern Hemisphere.

• occur in the middle of tectonic plates.

• have no relationship to plate tectonics.

• mark the boundaries between tectonic plates.

The diagram shows the region called the "Ring of Fire" located around the Pacific Ocean. Why do the areas along the "Ring of Fire" experience many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes?

• There is strong tidal activity along the coasts.

• There are numerous tectonic plate boundaries.

• There are powerful ocean currents in the Pacific.

• There is warm and cool water mixing in the Pacific.

A scientist is studying a section of rock taken from the piedmont region of Georgia. The lower layers contain fossils of small animals like frogs and insects, plants with shallow roots, and small fishes. The top layers of rock contain fossils of larger animals like deer and raccoons, large plants like pine trees, and no fish. Which conclusion most likely explains what happens to this area over time?

• The area was once a desert, but it became wet over time.

• The area was once a wetland, but it dried out over time.

• The area was once an ocean, but it dried out over time.

• The area was once a forest, but it became wet over time.

A scientist was studying layers of earth in the side of a mountain. In the lower layers, she found fossils of reindeer and polar bears. In the upper layers, she found fossils of coyotes and squirrels. Which conclusion most likely explains the different fossils?

• The climate was very cold in earlier time periods and became warmer in later time periods.

• The climate was very hot in earlier time periods and became colder in later time periods.

• The climate was wet in earlier time periods and became drier in later time periods.

• The climate was dry in earlier time periods and became wetter in later time periods.

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between Earth's mantle and core in the context of a science project that Avery, Liam, and Mia are working on?

• The mantle lies just below the core.

• The mantle and core are made up of hard, solid rock.

• The core is denser than the mantle.

• The mantle is denser than the core.