Inheritance + TT

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template during transcription?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ligase

What is the role of mRNA in the process of translation?

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To replicate DNA sequences

• To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

• To add nucleotides during DNA replication

In the context of Mendelian genetics, what is an example of incomplete dominance?

• A red flowered plant and a white flowered plant produce pink flowered offspring.

• A tall plant and a short plant produce only tall offspring.

• A plant with round seeds and a plant with wrinkled seeds produce offspring with only round seeds.

• Two plants with green seeds produce offspring with yellow seeds.

During translation, what is the function of tRNA?

• To bind to the mRNA codon

• To carry the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome

• To catalyze the peptide bond formation between amino acids

• To unwind the mRNA strand

Which of the following best describes the transcription process?

• Conversion of RNA to DNA

• Synthesis of an RNA strand complementary to a segment of DNA

• Assembly of proteins based on mRNA sequence

• Replication of the entire DNA molecule

CHALLENGE: In a dihybrid cross, what is the phenotypic ratio expected in the offspring if the genes assort independently and exhibit complete dominance?

• 3:1

• 9:3:3:1

• 1:2:1

• 1:1

What is the role of ribosomes during protein synthesis?

• To break down proteins into amino acids

• To synthesize DNA molecules

• To facilitate the binding of mRNA and tRNA and catalyze peptide bond formation

• To transport proteins to the Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of codominance?

• Only one allele is expressed in the phenotype.

• Both alleles contribute equally and separately to the phenotype.

• The phenotype is a blend of both alleles.

• The alleles interact to produce a new phenotype.

What is an example of a phenotype?

• The sequence of DNA bases in a gene.

• The presence of a particular allele in an individual.

• The observable traits of an organism, such as eye color or height.

• The total genetic makeup of an organism.

How do alleles differ from genes?

• Alleles are different forms of a gene that determine specific traits.

• Alleles are structures within the cell nucleus, while genes are not.

• Alleles are proteins that function within cellular processes, whereas genes are not.

• Alleles and genes are the same; there is no difference.