Cognitive Grammar by Ronald Langacker

What does a 'complex matrix' refer to in the context of semantic structures?

• A simple representation of a concept
• A single domain for a predication
• Multiple domains for a predication
• A basic linguistic unit

How are semantic structures characterized in the cognitive grammar model?

• Without reference to cognitive processing
• Based only on sensory images
• Independent of conceptualization
• Relative to cognitive domains

What does the concept of 'schematic' refer to in the context of alternate senses of lexical items?

• Conventional imagery in language
• Interrelated senses of a word
• Extensions from one sense to another
• Alternate meanings of a word

Which aspect of language does Langacker claim is inherently symbolic?

• Syntax
• Lexicon
• Morphology
• All of the above

According to Langacker, what fundamental assumption about language does he challenge?

• Grammar is the only aspect of linguistic structure
• Language is related to cognitive processing
• Grammar is integral to lexicon and semantics
• Language is a self-contained system

What is the role of 'conventional imagery' in the meaning of an expression?

• To provide sensory images
• To separate base and profile in a predication
• To structure the content of a domain
• To eliminate ambiguity in language

In the cognitive grammar model, how are lexicon, morphology, and syntax related?

• They have no relation to cognitive processing
• They are irrelevant in linguistic analysis
• They are separate and distinct components
• They form a continuum of symbolic units

How does Langacker view the relationship between grammar, lexicon, and semantics?

• As unrelated to cognitive processing
• As interrelated and forming a continuum
• As irrelevant in linguistic analysis
• As separate and independent components

What is the relationship between a profile and a base?

• One and the other make up an expression's semantic value
• The base by itself constitutes the semantic value of an expression
• There is no relationship between them
• The profile by itself constitutes the semantic value of an expression

In the cognitive grammar model, how is grammar conceived of?

• As a unit
• As imagic
• As a convention
• As mere rules