Molten rock is called magma.  The illustration below shows how magma can rise up to Earth’s surface.  As it cools, magma turns into solid rock on the surface. 

What type of rock does magma form as it cools?

• Igneous

• Fossil

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Gael enjoys learning about fossils. His dad suggests that Gael look up information about sedimentary rocks. How are fossils and sedimentary rock related?

• Fossils form as sedimentary rock slowly weathers.

• Sedimentary rock and fossils both form through heat and pressure.

• Sedimentary rock forms when rocks, shells, and fossils are cemented together.

• Fossils form when melted sedimentary rock cools.

Emily backyard has pieces of slate rock that are used as a footpath. Slate is a metamorphic rock that splits into flat pieces. What natural forces in Earth cause the formation of slate?

• Lava erupts and runs down the side of a volcano, then cools and hardens.

• Molten magma deep inside Earth cools and slowly hardens over time.

• Sediments of once living things are deposited over time and become cemented.

• Great heat and pressure cause the minerals to line up in parallel layers

A copper penny has a hardness of 3. Melodia uses the penny to test the hardness of the mineral feldspar. She cannot scratch the feldspar with the penny. What can she conclude about the hardness of the feldspar?

• It has a hardness of 3.

• It is softer than the penny.

• It is harder than the penny.

• It has a hardness of less than 3.

Blue, green, orange, silver, and brown are words that can describe what property of a mineral?

• cleavage

• streak

• luster

• color

Rocks are described using their characteristics or ____________________.

• luster

• properties

• streak color

• cleavage

Which statement can help Jessica and Joakim explain the changes that occurred to the rock over the years?       

• Gravity pulled on the rock over the years causing it to break.

• Wind blew into the cracks of the rock causing the cracks to widen over time.

• Water goes into the rock and freezes causing the cracks to widen over time.

• Water from a river flows over the rocks every summer causing the cracks to widen over time.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Yardangs are tall, broad peaks that appear in deserts. Weathering and erosion work together to form yardangs. They are produced by wind that carries dust or sand. The gritty wind wears away the soft rock of a cliff, leaving a shape like the one seen here. What are the agents of weathering and erosion that form yardangs?

• rock particles falling to the base of the yardang

• wind picking up sand from the desert

• loose particles from the cliff blowing to new parts of the desert

• wind and sand wearing away the rock face

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

On the first day of school, a class of fifth-grade students are given four identical cubes of hard clay. The cubes are placed in four different conditions until the last day of school. At that time, the students make the following observations.

Sample 1: classroom cabinet → no noticeable changes

Sample 2: near a window → lighter in color

Sample 3: freezer → small cracks near corners

Sample 4: bottle of water → small amount of algae on top

Which sample shows evidence of physical weathering?

• Sample 2

• Sample 3

• Sample 1

• Sample 4

Dona tests the properties of three minerals and makes a data table to record her results, as shown below.

Which two properties did Dona test?

• streak and luster

• cleavage and streak

• mineral size and luster

• hardness and mineral type

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2