EOC Test Prep: Benchmark Test Unit 3

A tree grows from an embryo in a seed to form a large, multicellular organism. What is the source of all of the cells of the mature tree?

• They begin as single-celled organisms that form interactive groups and gradually become a single organism.

• Preexisting cells form some of the cells as they undergo mitosis, while other cells arise only from nonliving parts.

• All of the cells are assembled from nonliving parts, independently of pre-existing cells.

• All of the cells are produced by preexisting cells that undergo mitosis and pass through the cell cycle.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The diagram illustrates the structure of a plant cell. What structures surround and protect the cell?

• a cell wall that has an inner and outer lining

• a cell membrane that has an inner and outer lining

• a cell wall that is surrounded by a cell membrane

• a cell membrane that is surrounded by a cell wall

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. What is one reason that proteins are essential for the cell membrane to function properly?

• Proteins attach the cell membrane to the cell wall.

• Proteins prevent the cell membrane from breaking apart in water.

• Proteins allow certain substances to pass through the cell membrane.

• Proteins prevent gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide, from passing through the cell membrane.

Clem is developing a model of a cell. He labels a central structure as the nucleus and writes a caption that describes how DNA is kept inside the nucleus. Which of the following is an important condition of Clem's model?

• The model describes eukaryotic cells, but not prokaryotic cells.

• The model describes animal cells, but not plant cells.

• The model describes plant cells, but not animal cells.

• The model describes a cell of a unicellular organism, but not a multicellular organism.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

A scientist is comparing ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following is a property of the ribosomes in the eukaryotic cell only and not the prokaryotic cell?

• Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.

• Some of the ribosomes are attached to the cell membrane.

• Some of the ribosomes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum.

• All of the ribosomes are distributed evenly throughout the cytoplasm.

Lionel places red blood cells in a beaker of pure water, and then he observes their activity under a microscope. Which is the most likely result that Lionel will observe?

• Water diffuses into the red blood cells by osmosis, and the cells eventually burst.

• Water diffuses out of the red blood cells by osmosis, and the cells shrink to about half their normal size.

• Water diffuses both in and out of the red blood cells, and the cells remain approximately the same size.

• Water diffuses both in and out of the red blood cells, and the cells alternately expand and shrink.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

After treating a sample of plant tissue, a scientist identifies structures made mostly of three chemical compounds: cellulose, proteins, and phospholipids. Which treatment did the plant tissue most likely undergo?

• The organelles, cell membrane, and cell wall were removed, leaving only the cytoplasm.

• The cytoplasm and organelles were removed, leaving only the cell membrane and cell wall.

• The water inside the cell was allowed to evaporate.

• Strong acids were used to break apart all macromolecules into their component monomers.

During the process of photosynthesis, a molecule of ATP breaks apart to form a molecule of ADP and a phosphate group. How is this action of ATP useful during photosynthesis?

• It stores chemical energy for the cell to use during the light-dependent reactions.

• It releases chemical energy for the cell to use during the light-independent reactions.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Refer to the diagram provided. How does the diagram model the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

• The arrows labeled NADPH and ATP model the light-dependent reactions, because these molecules receive the energy of light.

• The left half of the diagram models the light-dependent reactions, because light provides the energy for these reactions.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

As shown by the right half of the diagram, carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to generate sugars. What is the role of light, if any, in this process?

• Light absorbs the energy for the process, so the process must occur only when light is shining.

• Light is the direct energy source for the process, so the process must occur when light is shining.

• Light is the indirect energy source for the process, and the process may occur in the light or in darkness.

• Light has no role in this process, which may occur in the light or in darkness.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5