Research Study Quiz

A hypothesis is a question the research study sets out to answer.

• A hypothesis is a question the research study sets out to answer.

• A hypothesis predicts how the dependent variable will affect the independent variable.

• A hypothesis is generated based on scientific knowledge or experience in order to understand and test ideas.

• A hypothesis is a method of research in which an experimenter manipulates the independent variable to observe the effect on the dependent variable.

Which of the following would qualify as a within-subjects design?

• Measuring the amount of sleep that students get in Term 1, and then measuring it again in Term 4 during the exam period.

• Testing participants' IQ and levels of creativity in order to determine if there is a relationship between the two.

• Analysing the beliefs of individuals above the age of 60, and comparing them to those between the ages of 20-25 by conducting a qualitative interview with one sample from each group.

• Testing the efficacy of a new training regime by implementing it with one football team, and comparing their results to another football team.

Random allocation involves...

• Selecting a group of participants from the target population, ensuring that every participant has an equal chance of being selected for the study.

• Assigning participants to experimental conditions, ensuring that every participant has an equal chance of being in each group.

• Selecting people from the population in a way that ensures that its strata (subgroups) are proportionally represented in the sample.

• Allocating the investigation methodology that will be used for the study.

Which of the following is not true about ethics in research?

• The no-harm principle suggests that any unnecessary harm to participants should be avoided.

• Participants are able to withdraw from the research at any point in the study, including choosing to remove their data after the conclusion of the study.

• The use of deception in research is permissible when participants' knowledge of the true purpose of the experiment may affect their behaviour while participating in the study.

• Informed consent is only necessary if participants are under the age of 18.

Which of the following statements regarding internal (construct) validity is the most accurate?

• Internal validity is the extent to which the results of a study can be applied to different populations.

• Internal validity is the extent to which an investigation truly measures what it claims to.

• Internal validity is the extent to which the results of an investigation can be applied to different individuals in similar settings.

• Internal validity can only be achieved if the study is repeated multiple times.

Dr. Montalti investigated the effect of taking public transportation on a person’s stress levels. For one week, Dr. Montalti randomly allocated a group of Year 11 students into two groups (Group A and Group B). Group A took public transport to school each day, while Group B were driven to school. Each participant’s stress levels were measured before and after the study. The independent and dependent variables in this study are respectively...

• stress levels and type of transportation.

• type of transportation and stress levels.

• public transportation and private car.

• private car and public transportation.

Dr. Montalti investigated the effect of taking public transportation on a person’s stress levels. For one week, Dr. Montalti randomly allocated a group of Year 11 students into two groups (Group A and Group B). Group A took public transport to school each day, while Group B were driven to school. Each participant’s stress levels were measured before and after the study. What experimental design was used in this study?

• Between-subjects

• Within-subjects

• Mixed-methods

• None of the above

Jacob wanted to investigate whether caffeine helped concentration. He recruited a sample of 50 participants, and randomly assigned them into one of three groups. Group A was asked to consume one small cup of coffee, while Group B was asked to consume one small energy drink. Group C was the control group. Jacob’s research assistant then asked all groups to complete a cognitive test measuring concentration. It is likely that Group C was asked to...

• consume both a cup of coffee and an energy drink.

• not complete the cognitive test.

• complete a different cognitive test.

• not consume any caffeine.

Jacob wanted to investigate whether caffeine helped concentration. He recruited a sample of 50 participants, and randomly assigned them into one of three groups. Group A was asked to consume one small cup of coffee, while Group B was asked to consume one small energy drink. Group C was the control group. Jacob’s research assistant then asked all groups to complete a cognitive test measuring concentration. A potential extraneous variable in this study may be...

• order effects.

• experimenter effects.

• placebo effects.

• all of the above.

The type of data that Jacob was gathering in his experiment on caffeine and concentration is:

• qualitative and objective

• quantitative and objective

• qualitative and subjective

• qualitative and objective.