Conceptualizing ELT

What paradigm does quantitative research typically align with?

• Constructivist

• Positivist

• Interpretivist

• Humanistic

What is a key characteristic of quantitative research?

• Reliance on participants' perspectives

• Focus on understanding complex phenomena

• Use of statistical analysis

• Emphasis on textual data analysis

What role does the literature review play in quantitative research?

• To describe the methodology used in the study.

• To suggest potencial aims and research questions.

• To provide statistical analysis of the data.

• To discuss the limitations of the study.

How are quantitative research questions typically formulated?

• Broadly and ambiguously.

• Specifically and narrowly.

What is an example of an instrument used to collect quantitative data in ELT research?

• Interview transcripts.

• Field notes.

• Standardized tests.

• Open-ended survey questions.

What is a defining characteristic of qualitative research in ELT?

• Reliance on statistical analysis.

• Emphasis on participants' views.

• Focus on numerical data

• Use of predetermined research questions

What term is used in qualitative research to describe the key concept or idea under study?

• Central phenomenon.

• Hypothesis.

• Research question.

• Data analysis.

Which of the following data collection methods is commonly used in qualitative research?

• Closed surveys.

• Experiments.

• Content analysis.

• Statistical tests.

With which paradigm is qualitative research closely associated?

• Positivist.

• Constructivist.

• Interpretivist.

• Functionalism.

How do quantitative and qualitative research differ in data collection approaches?

• Quantitative research uses open-ended approaches, while qualitative research uses closed-ended approaches.

• Quantitative research employs more closed-ended approaches, while qualitative research uses more open-ended approaches.

• Quantitative research relies solely on observations, while qualitative research focuses on interviews.

• Quantitative research collects numeric data, while qualitative research collects textual data.