3.5.2 Evolutionary Relationships

The diagram below shows a phylogenetic tree. In which phylum do organisms have a segmented body?

• Chordata

• Echinodermata

• Hemichordata

• Nematoda

The diagram below shows a phylogenetic representation of the evolutionary trends within the animal kingdom. Which phyla are most closely related?

• Porifera and Annelida

• Cnidaria and Mollusca

• Echinodermata and Chordata

• Choanoflagellata and Cnidaria

Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs belong to which kingdom?

• Animalia

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Protista

This is a dichotomous key for selected arthropods. To which order does the caddis fly belong?

• Acarina

• Diptera

• Siphonaptera

• Trichoptera

Examine the dichotomous key for leaves below.

• Aesculus hippocastanus

• Betula pendula

• Juglans nigra

• Pinus strobus

The diagram shows a picture of a buckeye and a dichotomous key below. To which tree is this leaf most closely related?

• Aesculus hippocastanum

• Fraxinus pennsylvanica

• Quercus alba

• Quercus muehlenbergii

How would a dichotomous key be used?

• By inserting it into a chamber at a 45 degree angle

• By observing specimens and then answering questions about them

• By comparing the colors on a strip to the colors obtained during testing

• By analyzing a gel agar and recording the distance each fragment had traveled

The diagram below represents a phylogenetic tree. What is most likely true about Organism Y?

• Organism Y is only related to Organism X.

• Organism Y is closely related to Organism X.

• Organism Y is a distant relative of Organism X.

• Organism Y and Organism X will mate with one another.

The diagram below represents a phylogenetic tree. What is most likely true about organism A?

• The organism is extinct.

• Evolution has not occurred.

• Evolution has occurred recently.

• The organism’s growth is still occurring.

What type of information would be best to use for the leads when creating a dichotomous key?

• Characteristics that are reliable and convenient to observe

• Genetic information that matches to an exact genus or species

• Anatomical structures that could lead one to link two species together

• Characteristics that are very specific at the beginning of the key and very general at the end of the key