Enlightenment Thinkers

What was the Enlightenment period primarily known for?

• Emphasizing superstitions of earlier times

• Focusing on religious teachings

• Highlighting the importance of reason and human progress

• Rejecting all forms of scientific thought

Which of the following scientists is NOT mentioned as an inspiration for Enlightenment thinkers?

• Galileo

• Newton

• Darwin

• Bacon

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the natural state of human beings without laws or control?

• Peaceful and cooperative

• Cruel, greedy, and selfish

• Happy and content

• Independent and resourceful

What did Thomas Hobbes believe would happen if people were not controlled?

• They would live in harmony

• They would create a utopia

• They would oppress each other

• They would become more innovative

What must people do according to Hobbes to escape the state of nature?

• Enter into a social contract

• Seek spiritual enlightenment

• Develop personal virtues

• Increase their knowledge

What do people gain by entering into a social contract under a strong ruler, as per Hobbes' view?

• Freedom and rights

• Wealth and prosperity

• Law and order

• Education and skills

What did John Locke criticize about Hobbes' view on government?

• Hobbes' support for democratic principles

• Hobbes' disregard for natural rights

• Hobbes' favoring of absolute monarchy

• Hobbes' emphasis on economic equality

What was Baron de Montesquieu's primary concern regarding government?

• Increasing the power of the monarchy

• Protecting political liberty

• Promoting a single government branch

• Reducing public participation in government

According to Baron de Montesquieu, what is necessary among the branches of government to prevent any one part from being too powerful?

• Unification

• Checks and balances

• Absolute power

• Minimal interaction

How did Baron de Montesquieu suggest dividing the powers of government?

• Between two branches

• Among three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial

• All powers within one branch

• No division of powers