3.13 Affirmative Action

What is the primary goal of affirmative action?

• To promote diversity and equal opportunity

• To enforce strict racial quotas

• To prioritize financial status

• To eliminate all forms of education

Which Supreme Court case upheld the use of race as a factor in university admissions?

• Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)

• Marbury v. Madison

• Plessy v. Ferguson

• McCulloch v. Maryland

What does the 'Equal Protection Clause' provide?

• Laws against economic discrimination

• Support for race-based admissions only

• Equal protection under the law for all citizens

• Protection only for minority groups

What term refers to policies that aim to increase opportunities for historically underrepresented groups?

• Affirmative Action

• Segregation

• Oligarchy

• Meritocracy

Which case ruled that a point-based system for undergraduate admissions was unconstitutional?

• Shelby County v. Holder

• Roe v. Wade

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)

What does 'diversity' refer to in the context of affirmative action?

• The presence of different races, ethnicities, and genders within a group

• Uniformity in educational standards

• Exclusion of minority groups

• Focus on single ethnicity

What is meant by 'reverse discrimination'?

• Ignoring discrimination complaints

• Discrimination against majority groups due to affirmative action

• Promoting only minority groups without merit

• Equal treatment of all races

Which amendment is the 'Equal Protection Clause' a part of?

• 14th Amendment

• 1st Amendment

• 10th Amendment

• 5th Amendment

What is a 'colorblind' Constitution?

• An interpretation that the government should not consider race in decision making

• A constitution that supports only one race

• A constitution that changes colors

• A legal document without any text

What does 'narrowly tailored programs' refer to in affirmative action?

• Programs specifically designed to address past discrimination

• Programs that only benefit the wealthy

• Programs that exclude certain races

• Programs with broad and undefined goals