Assessment Vocabulary

The middle number; the point where there is one-half above and one-half below, thus dividing the group into two equal parts: the 50th percentile…..

The extent to which scores, tests, programs, or assessments are accurate, dependable, stable, consistent, and free from error over a period of time. This includes the way they are administered, implemented, and scored.

A relationship, correspondence, or connection between two things. This is not a cause-and-effect relationship; two items may be strongly "connected" without one causing the other.

The difference between the highest and lowest scores plus 1.

The extent to which a score differs from a certain reference point, usually the norm, midpoint, or average.

A learning or inclination giving an unfair advantage or disadvantage. An undesirable characteristic of tests in which factors unrelated to the test influence the scores. Therefore, the content of test items discriminates in favor of or against certain students or groups of students because of their experiences, race, gender, cultural exposure, economic status, etc. An error in content, administration, and interpretation is built into the system, contributing to statistical differences between groups or types of people.

Any systematic, evaluative appraisal of a student's ability to perform tasks or do something. Examples include demonstrations, recitals, oral reports, cheerleader tryouts, work samples, etc…

Doing the same thing every time. Accuracy and predictability in measurement over time with different students and scorers in different environments.

Statistics developed by test makers to represent specific populations and how the average person in that population would do on a particular test. Norms may include grade, age, percentile, or standard score and provide a basis for comparison.

A broad general term used to describe any systematic approach or plan for gathering, using, synthesizing, and evaluating data to find out more about a student, establish the effectiveness of curriculum, instruction, and program, determine strengths and weaknesses, appraise ability and performance and see what has been learned.