R VS F

What does strict liability in tort denote?

• Liability with intentional harm

• Liability with negligence

• Liability without fault

• Liability with partial fault

In the case of Rylands v Fletcher, who was held liable?

• None of the above

• The plaintiff mine owner

• The independent contractors

• The defendant mill owner

What must be true for a defendant to be strictly liable under the rule from Rylands v Fletcher?

• The use of the land must be non-natural

• The defendant must prove negligence

• The plaintiff must be negligent

• The damage must be intentional

Which of the following is NOT a requirement under the rule established in Rylands v Fletcher?

• Personal injury must be involved

• Escape of a dangerous thing from the land

• Non-natural use of the land

• Accumulation must be for the defendant's own purposes

What did Lord Cairns add to the rule in Rylands v Fletcher?

• The escape must cause significant damage

• The plaintiff must be an occupier of the land

• The defendant must be at fault

• The use of the land had to be non-natural

According to the case of Rickards v Lothian, what is considered a natural use of land?

• Storing large quantities of hazardous chemicals

• Planting poisonous trees

• Supply of water via normal domestic installations

• Building reservoirs for industrial use

What was the significant public concern that partly led to the establishment of the rule in Rylands v Fletcher?

• Noise from factories

• Industrial pollution

• Spread of diseases

• Safety of reservoirs

In which case was it determined that there is no liability under Rylands if there is no escape?

• Read v J Lyons & Co Ltd

• Ponting v Noakes

• Carstairs v Taylor

• Rigby v Chief Constable of Northamptonshire

What does the case of Ponting v Noakes illustrate about the rule in Rylands v Fletcher?

• Liability if the plaintiff is not an occupier of the land

• Liability for natural use of land

• Liability if the defendant was negligent

• No liability if the damage is due to the plaintiff's own intrusion

What was the outcome in Crowhurst v Amersham Burial Board regarding the escape of yew leaves?

• The case was dismissed

• The plaintiff was found liable

• The defendant was found liable

• The defendant was not found liable