Are the remains or evidence of once-living organisms

Is the change over time in populations of related organisms

A chart that divides Earth’s history into different time units

Occurs when the last individual organism of a species dies

How can the age of a fossil be determined?

By the layer of rock in which it was found

According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found

Near the bottom of the rock layers

In the middle of the rock layers

What is the best reason that fossil #4 is NOT a good index fossil?

it is not short-lived (in numerous layers)

These forelimbs are considered to be evidence of common ancestry because of which of the following?

They contain similar structures.

They all are all the same basic length.

If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins, what is probably TRUE?

species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor

species A evolved independently of species B for a long period

species A is younger than species B

species A is older than species B

In stage 2 (middle row) fish embryos _________

are very different bird and mammal embryos.

are still very similar to bird and mammal embryos.

are the only embryos with tails.

In the the third embryonic stage (bottom row), mammal embryos _____

have more characteristics in common with each other than with reptiles or birds.

are still hard to tell from reptiles and birds.

have the same features as fish, reptiles, and birds.

Why is the mouse population changing over time?

The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily

The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice

The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better

The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily

Hummingbirds can have different beak lengths. They use their beaks to reach to the nectar (their food) at the bottom of flowers. Hummingbirds with longer beaks can get food from long flowers. Hummingbirds with shorter beaks cannot reach the nectar in long flowers. If a hummingbird can’t easily reach its food, it will die. The diagrams below show three possible hummingbird populations. If their environment changes to have only long flowers, which of the following hummingbird populations will most likely survive?

Populations 2 and 3 will survive.

Only population 2 will survive because it is the only population with variation.

All the populations will survive because the hummingbirds will change the length of their beaks if they need to.

Populations 1 and 2 will survive.

Eider ducks live in the ocean and have a layer of warm feathers underneath their regular feathers. They can have feathers of different thicknesses. These feathers helps the ducks stay warm in cold water. Ducks with thicker feathers are more likely to stay warm and survive in cold water. But, in warm water, thicker feathers can make the ducks overheat and die. The diagram below shows a population of ducks that live in an area of an ocean. At time 1, the population had the same number of ducks with thin and thick feather layers. At time 2, after many generations, there were many more ducks with a thin feather layer and fewer ducks in the population with a thick feather layer. How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

The water became warm. With each generation, more ducks with thin feathers survived long enough to pass on the gene for thin feathers to their offspring.

The water became warm. As a result, ducks with thin feathers were more likely to survive, so the ducks with thick feathers changed to have thin feathers.

The water became warm. As a result, ducks with thin feathers were more likely to survive, so both kinds of ducks passed on the gene for thin feathers to their offspring.

You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more ducks passed on the gene for thin feathers to their offspring.

There is a kind of snake that can be born with red, yellow, or green skin. Eagles hunt these snakes, but snakes that are the same color as their environment are harder for the eagles to see and catch. A population of snakes once lived in an environment where there was sand and dirt, but no grass. The image above shows what the population looked like then. The environment changed so that green grasses and plants now grow there. The diagrams below show two predictions for what the population could look like after many generations. Which prediction best shows what the population could look like after many generations? What caused it to change?

Prediction 1 is best. Two yellow or red snakes had a baby with a mutation in its genes for the green-skin trait. Because green snakes are more likely to survive, that baby survived long enough to pass on its mutation, so the green trait became more common over generations.

Prediction 1 is best. Green snakes are more likely to survive, so yellow and red snakes began to have offspring with mutations in their genes for the green- skin trait so that their offspring would have a better chance of surviving.

Prediction 2 is best. A snake could have been born with a mutation in its genes for the green-skin trait and lived for a little while. Because green snakes are more likely to die, it would have been more likely to die before it had offspring, so the final population will only have yellow and red snakes.

Prediction 2 is best. A snake could have been born with a mutation in its genes for the green-skin trait, but having a mutation in its genes would have caused it to die when it was born, so the final population will only have yellow and red snakes.

Harbor seals live in northern oceans and a have layer of blubber (fat) that keeps them warm. Seals can have blubber of different thicknesses. Seals with thicker blubber are more likely to stay warm and survive in cold ocean waters. But, in warm ocean waters, thicker blubber can make the seals overheat and die. The diagrams below show three possible seal populations. If their environment changes to have warm water, which of the following seal populations will most likely survive?

Populations 1 and 2 will most likely survive.

Populations 2 and 3 will most likely survive.

Only Population 2 will survive because it is the only population with variation.

All the populations will survive because the seals will change the thickness of their blubber if they need to.

Guppies are small fish that live in South American rivers. They can have different- sized spots on their bodies. The river bottoms are covered in rocks. Guppies with spots that are the same size as the rocks on the bottom are harder for bigger fish to see and catch. The diagram below shows a population of guppies that live in a river. At time 1, the population had the same number of guppies with small and large spots. At time 2, after many generations, there were many more guppies with small spots and fewer guppies with large spots in the population. How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

The rocks became smaller. With each generation, more guppies with small spots survived long enough to pass on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more guppies passed on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

The rocks became smaller. Guppies with small spots are more likely to survive, so the guppies with large spots changed to have small spots.

The rocks became smaller. Guppies with small spots are more likely to survive, so both kinds of guppies passed on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

Northern foxes can have different fur colors. The foxes hunt squirrels for food. Foxes that have fur the same color as their environment are better at getting closer to squirrels and catching them. A population of foxes once lived in an environment where there was not very much snow. The image above shows what the population looked like then. The environment changed so it is now very snowy. The diagrams below show two predictions for what the population could be like after many generations. Which prediction best shows what the population could look like after many generations? What caused it to change?

Prediction 1 is best. Two brown or gray foxes had a baby with a mutation in its genes for the white-fur trait. Because white foxes are more likely to survive, that baby survived long enough to pass on its mutation, so the white-fur trait became more common over generations.

Prediction 1 is best. White foxes are more likely to survive, so brown and gray foxes began to have offspring with mutations in their genes for the white-fur trait so that their offspring would have a better chance of surviving.

Prediction 2 is best. A fox could have been born with a mutation in its genes for the white-fur trait and lived for a little while. Because white foxes are more likely to die, it would have been more likely to die before it had offspring, so the final population will only have brown and gray foxes.

Prediction 2 is best. A fox could have been born with a mutation in its genes for the white-fur trait, but having a mutation in its genes would have caused it to die when it was born, so the final population will only have brown and gray foxes.

Brown anoles are lizards that live on islands in the Bahamas. They can have legs of different lengths. Lizards with shorter legs are better at climbing trees than lizards with longer legs. This makes lizards with shorter legs better at escaping from the floods that sometimes cover the islands. The diagrams below show three possible lizard populations. If their environment changes so that there are many floods each year, which of the following lizard populations will most likely survive?

Populations 1 and 2 will most likely survive.

All the populations will survive because the lizards will change the length of their legs if they need to.

Populations 2 and 3 will most likely survive.

Only Population 2 will survive because it is the only population with variation.

Tree squirrels can have different fur colors. Squirrels live in forests where foxes also live. Foxes hunt squirrels for food. Squirrels that have fur that is the same color as the trees are harder for the foxes to see and catch. The diagram below shows a population of squirrels that live in a forest. At time 1, the population had the same number of black and gray squirrels. At time 2, after many generations, there were many more black squirrels and fewer gray squirrels in the population. How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

There were more black trees. With each generation, more squirrels with black fur survived long enough to pass on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more squirrels passed on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

There were more black trees. Squirrels with black fur are more likely to survive, so the squirrels with gray fur changed to have black fur.

There were more black trees. Squirrels with black fur are more likely to survive, so both types of squirrels passed on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

Topic 2 Evolution

Authored by Rebekah Mitchell

Science, Biology

9th - 12th Grade

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55 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

Homologous structure

Analogous structure

Vestigial structure

None of the above

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Whales have pelvic bones. What type of structure does this best represent?

Homologous structure

Analogous structure

Vestigial structure

None of the above

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Homologous

Vestigial

Analogous

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry

vestigial structures

homologous structures

adaptive radiation

fossil

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is this an example of?

Homologous structure

Analogous structure

Vestigial organs

Functional adaption

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

What are analogous structures?

Organs or features in different species that have a similar function but evolved separately

Structures in different species with a common ancestor and similar structure but different functions

Features that serve no useful function and are considered evolutionary leftovers

Identical structures found in all species

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Penguin flipper and fish fin

Homologous

Vestigial

Analogous

None of the above

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Topic 2 Evolution

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

Whales have pelvic bones. What type of structure does this best represent?