According to the constructivist approach, how do people construct meaning?

• Through their interpretive interactions with and experiences in their social environments

• By memorizing facts and figures

• By following a strict curriculum

• Through standardized testing

What role does prior knowledge and experiences play in learning according to the constructivist approach?

• No role at all

• A minor role

• A significant role

• The only role

What is the focus of teaching in the constructivist approach?

• Memorization of facts

• Empowerment of the learner

• Strict discipline

• Rote learning

How does John Dewey propose learning should take place?

• Through lectures only

• Through standardized tests

• Through practical workshops and role-plays

• Through repetition and rote learning

What did John Dewey believe about the connection between school activities and students' lives?

• They should be occasionally connected

• They should be loosely connected

• They should be completely separate

• They should be closely connected

What did John Dewey emphasize in the learning process?

• Memorization of facts

• Creativity and collaboration

• Rote learning

• Strict discipline

What is the importance of teachers reflecting upon their own actions?

• To clarify their implicit belief systems

• To avoid self-reflection

• No importance at all

• To make their beliefs more hidden

What is the aim of fostering 'critical reflection' among teachers?

• To increase their workload

• To enable them to become reflective practitioners

• To discourage creativity

• To make them follow a strict curriculum

What is the difference between reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action according to Schön?

• Reflection-in-action is theoretical, while reflection-on-action is practical

• Reflection-in-action happens before an action, while reflection-on-action happens after

• There is no difference

• Reflection-in-action happens during an action, while reflection-on-action happens after

What did Dewey believe about the role of schools in preparing students for life in society?

• Schools should isolate students from society

• Schools should socialize students and connect their activities to real-life experiences

• Schools should not be concerned with students' social development

• Schools should focus only on academic subjects