Genetics Lesson 6 EYK

What determines the traits that an  organism exhibits?

• The traits develop randomly during cell division in early development.

• The DNA that is created in the nucleus during Transcription.

• The combination of alleles that an organism  receives from each of its parents.

• It depends on the species of organism

How does the information encoded in  genes translate into specific traits  of an organism?

​ (a)   contain the message to create tens of thousands of ​ (b)   . Which are responsible for building the ​ (c)   an organism exhibits.

• Genes
• proteins
• traits
• tRNA
• amino acids

Reorder the following to explain how the instructions encoded  in each gene can be used to make a  protein.

• protein.

• Each set of three bases in a gene is a codon,

• which acts as instructions for a particular amino acid.

• A chain of amino acids forms a

• The instructions for a protein are encoded within  a sequence of nucleotides.

Match the following

• Motor Proteins

• Speed up chemical reactions

• Codon

• Store nutrients and other  molecules

• Storage Proteins

• A set of three bases within DNA

• Structural Proteins

• Help cells move

• Enzymes

• Strengthens cells

Match the following

• Defense Proteins

• send messages that regulate different  processes in an organism.

• Hormones

• receive and respond to signals  from outside the cell

• Transport Proteins

• move molecules and nutrients  within cells

• Receptor Proteins

• help fight infection and  promote healing

• Mutations

• Changes genes and the instructions they contain  and can result in a change to the protein produced  by those instructions.

Explain how proteins can influence  our traits. Use eye color as an  example.

The ​ (a)   of the iris is responsible for eye color. Several ​ (b)   provide instructions for ma​king proteins that create, store or transport the pigment, ​ (c)  

• pigmentation
• genes
• melanin
• color
• DNA's
• tryptophan

Match the following

• Insertion

• one pair of nucleotide bases  changes for another.

• Deletion

• An extra nucleotide base pairs to the  DNA within a gene.

• Substitution

• A nucleotide base is removed from the  DNA within a gene.

• Frameshift Mutation

• Mutations that can result from insertions and  deletions, they change the way the instructions are read by the cell and the amino acids used to  construct the protein.

Does every mutation result in a  change in the assembled protein?  Explain.

• Yes if the DNA is mutated then the proteins created will be different.

• No DNA is not responsible for making proteins, only RNA is .

• Yes all mutations lead to changes in the organism.

• No. Most amino acids are linked to more than one codon, so not every mutation changes the protein.

If the protein assembled is changed  by a mutation, are the results always  negative? Explain

• Yes the effects are mutations will have a negative impact on the organism.

• No mutations rarely result in negative effects.

• The effects are not always negative, sometimes they have no effect, sometimes they are beneficial.

• Mutations lead to adaptation and evolution which is always beneficial.

What type of protein is hemoglobin?

• Motor

• Storage

• Defense

• Transport