Genetics Lesson 6 EYK

What determines the traits that an  organism exhibits?

• The traits develop randomly during cell division in early development.

• The DNA that is created in the nucleus during Transcription.

• The combination of alleles that an organism  receives from each of its parents.

• It depends on the species of organism

How does the information encoded in  genes translate into specific traits  of an organism?

​ (a)   contain the message to create tens of thousands of ​ (b)   . Which are responsible for building the ​ (c)   an organism exhibits.

• Genes
• proteins
• traits
• tRNA
• amino acids

Reorder the following to explain how the instructions encoded  in each gene can be used to make a  protein.

• A chain of amino acids forms a

• The instructions for a protein are encoded within  a sequence of nucleotides.

• protein.

• Each set of three bases in a gene is a codon,

• which acts as instructions for a particular amino acid.

Match the following

• Enzymes

• Speed up chemical reactions

• Storage Proteins

• A set of three bases within DNA

• Structural Proteins

• Help cells move

• Motor Proteins

• Strengthens cells

• Codon

• Store nutrients and other  molecules

Match the following

• Hormones

• Changes genes and the instructions they contain  and can result in a change to the protein produced  by those instructions.

• Receptor Proteins

• help fight infection and  promote healing

• Mutations

• send messages that regulate different  processes in an organism.

• Defense Proteins

• receive and respond to signals  from outside the cell

• Transport Proteins

• move molecules and nutrients  within cells

Explain how proteins can influence  our traits. Use eye color as an  example.

The ​ (a)   of the iris is responsible for eye color. Several ​ (b)   provide instructions for ma​king proteins that create, store or transport the pigment, ​ (c)  

• pigmentation
• genes
• melanin
• color
• DNA's
• tryptophan

Match the following

• Deletion

• A nucleotide base is removed from the  DNA within a gene.

• Insertion

• Mutations that can result from insertions and  deletions, they change the way the instructions are read by the cell and the amino acids used to  construct the protein.

• Frameshift Mutation

• one pair of nucleotide bases  changes for another.

• Substitution

• An extra nucleotide base pairs to the  DNA within a gene.

Does every mutation result in a  change in the assembled protein?  Explain.

• Yes if the DNA is mutated then the proteins created will be different.

• No DNA is not responsible for making proteins, only RNA is .

• Yes all mutations lead to changes in the organism.

• No. Most amino acids are linked to more than one codon, so not every mutation changes the protein.

If the protein assembled is changed  by a mutation, are the results always  negative? Explain

• Yes the effects are mutations will have a negative impact on the organism.

• No mutations rarely result in negative effects.

• The effects are not always negative, sometimes they have no effect, sometimes they are beneficial.

• Mutations lead to adaptation and evolution which is always beneficial.

What type of protein is hemoglobin?

• Motor

• Storage

• Defense

• Transport