Metabolic Response to Trauma Quiz

What is metabolism?

• A method of controlling infection

• A process involving the brain and heart

• A system of biochemical reactions for maintaining life

• A type of stress response

What is homeostasis?

• A state of optimal metabolism

• A process involving the spleen

• A phase of the metabolic response

• A type of inflammatory arm

What triggers the stress response?

• Pain, fear, anxiety

• Surgery, infection

• Hemorrhage, all of the above

• None of the above

Which hormones are involved in the neuroendocrine arm of the stress response?

• IL-1, TNFα

• ACTH, CRF

• Cortisol, glucagon

• Insulin, adrenaline

What is the role of cytokines in the inflammatory arm?

• Inducing insulin production

• Promoting haemostasis and wound healing

• Increasing muscle protein synthesis

• Decreasing oxygen consumption

What is Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)?

• A pathological extension of the stress response

• A process involving the liver and immune system

• A phase of the metabolic response

• A type of insulin resistance

What are the characteristics of the Ebb Phase?

• Tissue oedema, leukocytosis

• Insulin resistance, hypermetabolism

• Increased cardiac output, raised body temperature

• Hypovolaemia, decreased basal metabolic rate

What happens during the Flow Phase?

• Mobilisation of body energy stores for recovery and repair

• Decreased glucose uptake in peripheral tissues

• Decreased muscle protein synthesis

• Reduced functional ability

What is the predominant hormone regulating the Ebb Phase?

• Cortisol

• Glucagon

• Aldosterone

• Catecholamines

What is the main physiological role of the Ebb Phase?

• To induce proteolysis

• To conserve circulating volume and energy stores

• To increase insulin resistance

• To promote haemostasis