10.2 - Vocabulary

What does the principle of independent assortment state?

• Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

• Traits are inherited together from one generation to the next.

• Genes are not arranged on chromosomes.

• Only dominant traits are passed to the offspring.

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

• To predict the genotypes and phenotypes in genetic crosses.

• To calculate the age of genes.

• To determine the chemical structure of DNA.

• To measure the size of chromosomes.

What does 'homozygous' refer to?

• Having two different versions of the same gene.

• Having no alleles.

• Having inherited the same versions of a gene from each biological parent.

• Referring to a dominant trait only.

Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?

• Allele

• Genotype

• Chromosome

• Phenotype

What is a recessive trait?

• A trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous.

• A trait that always dominates over others.

• A trait that appears every generation.

• A trait that cannot be inherited.

What is the definition of an allele?

• One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation.

• A prediction tool in genetics.

• A type of chromosome.

• A complete set of DNA.

What does 'heterozygous' describe?

• Having two different versions of the same gene.

• Having inherited the same versions of a gene from each parent.

• The fusion of two different genes.

• Lacking alleles for a trait.

What are gametes?

• Reproductive cells of an animal or plant.

• Tools used in genetic crosses.

• A type of genetic experiment.

• Observable characteristics of an organism.

What does independent assortment describe in genetics?

• How genes are inherited from parents

• How different genes independently separate during cell development

• How genes are expressed in an organism

• How genes are mutated over time

What does data refer to in genetics and probability?

• Information derived from living organisms and their products

• Chemical compounds found in cells

• Physical characteristics of organisms

• Genetic mutations