Learning and Adaptation Quiz

What is learning primarily described as in the context of adaptation to the environment?

• A) A temporary change in behavior due to immediate stimuli

• B) An evolutionary adaptation to a nonstatic environment

• C) A quick response to environmental changes without prior experience

• D) A genetic mutation leading to new behaviors

How is learning defined in terms of behavioral change?

• A) A temporary behavioral change due to ongoing experiences

• B) A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of a specific prior experience

• C) A change in behavior based solely on genetic influences

• D) A change in behavior that does not depend on past experiences

Who is known as the "father" of behavioral neuroscience according to the 1949 publication "Organization of Behavior"?

• Ivan Pavlov

• B.F. Skinner

• John Watson

• Donald Hebb

What year did Donald Hebb publish "Organization of Behavior"?

• 1945

• 1949

• 1952

• 1960

According to Donald Hebb, which of the following can and should be studied as biological processes?

• Emotions

• Learning and memory

• Social interactions

• Evolutionary adaptations

What is an engram as defined in the text?

• A) A type of brain cell

• B) The physical representation of a memory in the brain

• C) A chemical released during memory formation

• D) A neural pathway for motor skills

According to Lashley's hypothesis, where is the engram located?

• A) In the hippocampus

• B) Throughout the cerebral cortex

• C) In the frontal lobe

• D) In the amygdala

What was the primary purpose of the brain incisions performed by Karl S. Lashley as depicted in the diagram?

• To understand the impact of physical trauma on brain function

• To determine the role of cortical connections in memory

• To map the motor cortex in rats

• To study the effects of aging on brain physiology

According to the diagram and its description, how did the incisions affect the rats' performance in memory tasks?

• Performance was significantly improved

• There was no change in performance

• Performance was slightly impaired

• Performance was severely impaired

According to Lashley's conclusions, how is memory stored in the brain?

• In a single, localized region

• Diffusely throughout the brain

• Only in the frontal cortex

• Primarily in the hippocampus