Chapter 44: Osmoregulation & Excretion

Where does the reabsorption of nutrients and ions occur?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Answer explanation

The proximal tube is where the reabsorption of nutrients and ions occur. The reabsorption of water occurs in the loop of henle.

Where does the reabsorption and secretion occur?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Answer explanation

The distal tube is where the reabsorption and secretion occurs.

The fish on the left is a marine fish. If placed in a freshwater tank, its cells will ​ (a)   because they are ​ (b)   to the ​​ (c)   freshwater.

The fish on the right is a freshwater fish. If placed in salt water, its cells will ​ (d)   because they are ​ (e)   to the ​salt water.

• lyse
• hypertonic
• hypotonic
• crenate
• isotonic

Answer explanation

Water moves from areas of high concentration to low. If the external environment is hypertonic to the internal hypotonic environment, water will leave the internal environment and try to break up the concentration of the external environment.

Visit chapter 7 to refresh yourself on osmosis if needed.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Tardigrades can survive without water or food. They can breakdown sugars inside of them to substitute water loss. What is the word for this?

Match the type of wastes to the organisms that produce it.

• Urea

• produced by animals with plenty of access to water

• Ammonia

• produced by animals living in water

• Uric Acid

• produced by animals with little access to water and the need to conserve water

Answer explanation

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Where does nitrogen waste come from?

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

Answer explanation

Nitrogen waste mainly comes from the breakdown of proteins because they contain amino acids. It can also come from the breakdown of nucleic acid. Both are given to us by the organisms we eat.

​ ​ (a)   is produced in the ​ (b)   and helps control blood pressure.

​ (c)   is produced in the ​ (d)   and helps control water absorption.

Hint: don't confuse where the hormones are produced and the gland that secretes them.

• ADH
• adrenal gland
• pituitary gland
• hypothalamus
• RAAS
• kidney

Answer explanation

​ RAAS is produced in the kidney and secreted by the adrenal gland. It helps control blood pressure.

ADH is produced in the hypothalamus of the brain and released by pituitary gland and helps control water absorption.

Match the fluids types.

• Interstitial/Extracellular

• fluid in lymph vessels

• Filtrate

• fluid outside of the cell

• Lymph

• fluid formed from capillaries in the nephrons

• Cytosol

• fluid in blood vessels

• Plasma

• fluid inside the cell

Match the following components of the nephron to what happens there.

• Secretion

• Distal Convoluted Tube

• Reabsorption (water)

• Proximal Convoluted Tube

• Filtration

• Glomerulus

• Reabsorption (Nutrients)

• Collecting Duct

• Excretion

• Loop of Henle