Semester 2 REVIEW

What is the difference between sex cells and human body cells?

• Sex cells have half the number of chromosomes compared to human body cells.
• Sex cells have more chromosomes than human body cells.
• Sex cells are larger in size compared to human body cells.
• Sex cells are not involved in reproduction unlike human body cells.

Explain the concept of diploid vs haploid.

• Diploid cells have only one parent, while haploid cells have two parents.
• Diploid cells have one set of chromosomes, while haploid cells have two sets of chromosomes.
• Diploid cells are found in plants, while haploid cells are found in animals.
• Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, while haploid cells have only half the set of chromosomes.

Summarize the process of meiosis from beginning to end.

• The process of meiosis involves two main stages: first round of division creates two diploid daughter cells, these divide again to give 4 haploid cells

• Meiosis involves a single stage where chromosomes divide into four haploid daughter cells
• During meiosis, homologous chromosomes do not interact or exchange genetic material
• In meiosis, chromosomes replicate and pair up, resulting in two diploid daughter cells

What are sex cells and what are their types?

• Sperm cells and egg cells
• Skin cells and bone cells
• Nerve cells and muscle cells
• Red blood cells and white blood cells

How does genetic variation occur through meiosis?

• Genetic variation occurs through meiosis by segregation, independent assortment, and random fertilization.
• Genetic variation occurs through meiosis by mutation, crossing over, and random fertilization.
• Genetic variation occurs through meiosis by mitosis, independent assortment, and random fertilization.
• Genetic variation occurs through meiosis by crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization.

Differentiate between heterozygous and homozygous.

• Heterozygous has two identical alleles, while homozygous has two different alleles.
• Heterozygous and homozygous have the same alleles.
• Heterozygous and homozygous refer to the same genetic condition.
• The main difference between heterozygous and homozygous is the presence of different alleles in heterozygous and identical alleles in homozygous.

What is evolution and how does it occur?

• Evolution is the process by which species change over time through natural selection and other mechanisms.
• Evolution is a myth created by scientists to confuse people.
• Evolution is a sudden change in species that occurs without any reason.
• Evolution is a process that only affects plants, not animals.

What are the different types of evidence for evolution?

• Chemical reactions
• Fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryology, biogeography, molecular biology
• Astrology
• Genetic engineering

Explain the concept of natural selection in evolution.

• Natural selection is the process of humans selecting which organisms survive and reproduce.
• Natural selection always results in the strongest organisms surviving.
• Natural selection is a random process with no impact on evolution.
• Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those less adapted, leading to evolutionary changes over time.

What is mutation and how does it contribute to evolution?

• Mutation is a random change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Beneficial mutations can lead to new traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction, contributing to genetic diversity and driving evolution.
• Mutation is a deliberate change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
• Beneficial mutations always lead to negative outcomes for the organism.
• Mutation has no impact on genetic diversity or evolution.