Final Exam review

DNA polymerase always adds nucleotides to the ______________ end of a growing strand of DNA during DNA replication.

• 5

• 1

• 2

• 4

• 3

In DNA, the "rungs" between the two strands of DNA are formed from the

• ionic bonds between the phospate pairs

• covalent bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs

• hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs

  
  

• phosphodiester bonds between the deoxyribose sugars

• ionic bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs

The 5' and 3' designations used in reference to DNA and RNA sequences are assigned to the

• carbon atoms in the purine and pyrimidine bases.

• carbon atoms of deoxyribose and ribose.

• hydrogen atoms that form hydrogen bonds between the nuclleotides.

• oxygen atoms contained in the deoxyribose and ribose.

• nitrogen atoms in the nitrogenous bases.

Meselson and Stahl's experiment showed

• The Dna is replicated in a dispersive

• That DNA is replicated in a conservative fashion

• That DNA is replicated using discontinuous replication on the lagging strand

• The DNA is replicated in a semi-conservative fashion

• That RNA is replicated using DNA as a template

What are telomeres?

• The enzymes that extend linear chromosomes so they don't erode during replication

• Repetative sequences of DNA found at the end of linear chromosomes to protect the DNA during successive rounds of replication

• The connection point for the spindle during telophase I of meiosis

• The RNA pirmers laid down during discontinuous replication

• The contracting centromeres found during telophase of mitosis

A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a mutation that eliminates the exonuclease function of DNA polymerase (DNA pol). Which prediction about the mutational load in the adult fruit flies is most likely to be correct? 

• There will be no change in the number of mutations.

• The adults with the DNA pol mutation will have significantly more mutations than average

• The adults with the DNA pol mutation will have the same number of mutations as average.

•   

  The adults with the DNA pol mutation will have slightly more mutations than average.

• The adults with the DNA pol mutation will have fewer mutations than average.

A single strand of DNA consists of covalently bonded monomers called

•   

  phospholipids.

   

•   

  sterols.

•   

  nucleotides.

   

•   

  amino acids.

   

•   

  monosaccharides.

   

The three major components in a nucleotide are

• glucose, a fatty acid, and glycerol

  
  

• a nitrogenous base, a six-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

• a carboxyl group, an R group, and an amino group

  
  

• glucose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

• a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped confirm that DNA was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding that:

• radioactive cells were found in the supernatant (fluid on top).

• radioactive phosphorus was found in the cell

• radioactive protein capsids were found inside the cell

What is an Okazaki fragment?

• The enzyme that removes the RNA primer

• The RNA primer used to initiate DNA replication

• A short segment of DNA replicated away from the replication fork which are later joined together to form the lagging strand

•   

  The leading strand of replication

   

• none of these